References

Key articles

Workowski KA, Bachmann LH, Chan PA, et al. Sexually transmitted infections treatment guidelines, 2021. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2021 Jul 23;70(4):1-187.Full text  Abstract

Boyer CB, Shafer MB, Pollack LM, et al. Sociodemographic markers and behavioral correlates of STIs in a nonclinical sample of adolescent and young adult women. J Infect Dis. 2006 Aug 1;194(3):307-15. Abstract

Marrazzo JM, Weisenfeld HC, Murray PJ, et al. Risk factors for cervicitis among women with bacterial vaginosis. J Infect Dis. 2006 Mar 1;193(5):617-24.Full text  Abstract

Scholes D, Grothaus L, McClure J, et al. A randomized trial of strategies to increase Chlamydia screening in young women. Prev Med. 2006 Oct;43(4):343-50. Abstract

Reference articles

1. Workowski KA, Bachmann LH, Chan PA, et al. Sexually transmitted infections treatment guidelines, 2021. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2021 Jul 23;70(4):1-187.Full text  Abstract

2. Boyer CB, Shafer MB, Pollack LM, et al. Sociodemographic markers and behavioral correlates of STIs in a nonclinical sample of adolescent and young adult women. J Infect Dis. 2006 Aug 1;194(3):307-15. Abstract

3. Crofts M, Horner P. Chlamydia (uncomplicated, genital). BMJ Clin Evid. 2015 Apr 16;2015:1607.Full text  Abstract

4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. STI Statistics: sexually transmitted infections surveillance, 2023. Nov 2024 [internet publication].Full text

5. Public Health England. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs): annual data. Jul 2024 [internet publication].Full text

6. Blanchard A, Bébéar C. The evolution of Mycoplasma genitalium. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2011 Aug;1230:E61-4. Abstract

7. Bjartling C, Osser S, Persson K. Mycoplasma genitalium in cervicitis and pelvic inflammatory disease among women at a gynecologic outpatient service. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2012 Jun;206(6):476;e1-8. Abstract

8. Jensen JS, Cusini M, Gomberg M, et al. 2021 European guideline on the management of Mycoplasma genitalium infections. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2022 May;36(5):641-50.Full text  Abstract

9. Marrazzo JM, Martin DH. Management of women with cervicitis. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Apr 1;44(suppl 3):S102-10.Full text  Abstract

10. Groetsch S. Cervicitis. Clin Fam Pract. 2005;7:43-56.

11. Geisler WM, Suchland RJ, Whittington WL, et al. Quantitative culture of Chlamydia trachomatis: a relationship of inclusion-forming units produced in culture to clinical manifestations and acute inflammation in urogenital disease. J Infect Dis. 2001 Nov 15;184(10):1350-4.Full text  Abstract

12. Marrazzo JM, Weisenfeld HC, Murray PJ, et al. Risk factors for cervicitis among women with bacterial vaginosis. J Infect Dis. 2006 Mar 1;193(5):617-24.Full text  Abstract

13. Newman LM, Warner L, Weinstock HS. Predicting subsequent infection in patients attending sexually transmitted disease clinics. Sex Transm Dis. 2006 Dec;33(12):737-42. Abstract

14. Wiesenfeld HC, Hillier SL, Krohn MA, et al. Bacterial vaginosis is a strong predictor of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2003 Mar 1;36(5):663-8.Full text  Abstract

15. US Preventive Services Task Force; Davidson KW, Barry MJ, Mangione CM, et al. Screening for chlamydia and gonorrhea: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2021 Sep 14;326(10):949-56.Full text  Abstract

16. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Reducing sexually transmitted infections. Jun 2022 [internet publication].Full text

17. Scholes D, Stergachis A, Heidrich FE, et al. Prevention of pelvic inflammatory disease by screening for cervical chlamydial infection. N Engl J Med. 1996 May 23;334(21):1362-6.Full text  Abstract

18. Scholes D, Grothaus L, McClure J, et al. A randomized trial of strategies to increase Chlamydia screening in young women. Prev Med. 2006 Oct;43(4):343-50. Abstract

19. Molina JM, Charreau I, Chidiac C, et al. Post-exposure prophylaxis with doxycycline to prevent sexually transmitted infections in men who have sex with men: an open-label randomised substudy of the ANRS IPERGAY trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2018 Mar;18(3):308-17.Full text  Abstract

20. Luetkemeyer AF, Donnell D, Dombrowski JC, et al. Postexposure doxycycline to prevent bacterial sexually transmitted infections. N Engl J Med. 2023 Apr 6;388(14):1296-306.Full text  Abstract

21. Molina JM, Bercot B, Assoumou L, et al. Doxycycline prophylaxis and meningococcal group B vaccine to prevent bacterial sexually transmitted infections in France (ANRS 174 DOXYVAC): a multicentre, open-label, randomised trial with a 2 × 2 factorial design. Lancet Infect Dis. 2024 Oct;24(10):1093-104. Abstract

22. Bachmann LH, Barbee LA, Chan P, et al. CDC clinical guidelines on the use of doxycycline postexposure prophylaxis for bacterial sexually transmitted infection prevention, United States, 2024. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2024 Jun 6;73(2):1-8.Full text

23. Hakakha MM, Davis J, Korst LM, et al. Leukorrhea and bacterial vaginosis as in-office predictors of cervical infection in high risk women. Obstet Gynecol. 2002 Oct;100(4):808-12. Abstract

24. Sherrard J, Pitt R, Hobbs KR, et al. British Association for Sexual Health and HIV (BASHH) United Kingdom national guideline on the management of Trichomonas vaginalis 2021. Int J STD AIDS. 2022 Jul;33(8):740-50. Abstract

25. Nugent RP, Krohn MA, Hillier SL. Reliability of diagnosing bacterial vaginosis is improved by a standardized method of gram stain interpretation. J Clin Microbiol. 1991 Feb;29(2):297-301.Full text  Abstract

26. Amsel R, Totten PA, Spiegel CA, et al. Nonspecific vaginitis: diagnostic criteria and microbial and epidemiologic associations. Am J Med. 1983 Jan;74(1):14-22. Abstract

27. World Health Organization. WHO guideline on self-care interventions for health and well-being, 2022 revision. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2022.Full text  Abstract

28. Crotchfelt KA, Pare B, Gaydos C, et al. Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis by the Gen-Probe AMPLIFIED Chlamydia trachomatis assay (AMP CT) in urine specimens from men and women and endocervical specimens from women. J Clin Microbiol. 1998 Feb;36(2):391-4.Full text  Abstract

29. Schoeman SA, Stewart CM, Booth RA, et al. Assessment of best single sample for finding chlamydia in women with and without symptoms: a diagnostic test study. BMJ. 2012 Dec 12;345:e8013.Full text  Abstract

30. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National estimate shows not enough young women tested for chlamydia (press release). March 2012 [internet publication].Full text

31. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recommendations for the laboratory-based detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae - 2014. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2014 Mar 14;63(rr-02):1-19.Full text  Abstract

32. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Committee opinion no. 737: expedited partner therapy​. June 2018 [internet publication].Full text

33. BASHH Clinical Effectiveness Group. Update on the treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection. Sept 2018 [internet publication].Full text

34. Rusu A, Munteanu AC, Arbănași EM, et al. Overview of side-effects of antibacterial fluoroquinolones: new drugs versus old drugs, a step forward in the safety profile? Pharmaceutics. 2023 Mar 1;15(3):804.Full text  Abstract

35. Oh MK, Cloud, GA, Fleenor, M, et al. Risk for gonococcal and chlamydial cervicitis in adolescent females: incidence and recurrence in a prospective cohort study. J Adolesc Health. 1996;18:270-5. Abstract

36. Wiesenfeld HC, Hillier SL, Meyn LA, et al. Subclinical pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility. Obstet Gynecol. 2012;120:37-43. Abstract

37. Yang K, Li J, Liu Y, et al. Microwave therapy for cervical ectropion. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;(4):CD006227.Full text  Abstract

38. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Update to CDC's sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2010: oral cephalosporins no longer a recommended treatment for gonococcal infections. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2012 Aug 10;61(31):590-4.Full text  Abstract

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