Criteria

Standard nomenclature of athletic injuries AMA classification[35]

Muscle injuries

  • Grade 1: mild interstitial strain

  • Grade 2: moderate partial muscle disruption

  • Grade 3: severe complete disruption.

Grades of sprain (ankle sprain as prototype)[36]

Sign/symptom

Grade 1

  • Ligament tear: none

  • Loss of functional ability: minimal

  • Pain: minimal

  • Swelling: minimal

  • Ecchymosis: usually

  • Difficulty bearing weight: none.

Grade 2

  • Ligament tear: partial

  • Loss of functional ability: some

  • Pain: moderate

  • Swelling: moderate

  • Ecchymosis: not common

  • Difficulty bearing weight: usually.

Grade 3

  • Ligament tear: complete

  • Loss of functional ability: great

  • Pain: severe

  • Swelling: severe

  • Ecchymosis: yes

  • Difficulty bearing weight: almost always.

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