Summary
Your Organisational Guidance
ebpracticenet urges you to prioritise the following organisational guidance:
Revascularisatie bij perifeer vaatlijden van de onderste ledematenPublished by: KCELast published: 2015Revascularisation en cas d’artériopathie périphérique du membre inférieurPublished by: KCELast published: 2015Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- presence of risk factors
- asymptomatic
- intermittent claudication
- thigh or buttock pain with walking that is relieved with rest
- diminished or absent pulse
- sudden onset of severe leg pain accompanied by numbness, weakness, pale, and cold leg
Other diagnostic factors
- erectile dysfunction
- leg pain at rest
- gangrene
- non-healing wound/ulcer
- muscle atrophy
- dependent rubor
- pallor when the leg is elevated
- loss of hair over the dorsum of the foot
- nail bed changes
- shiny/scaly skin
- pale extremity
- nerve loss
Risk factors
- smoking
- diabetes
- hypertension
- hyperlipidaemia
- age >40 years
- history of coronary artery disease/cerebrovascular disease
- low levels of exercise
- chronic kidney disease (CKD)
- elevated C-reactive protein (CRP)
- hyperhomocysteinaemia
- vasculitis/inflammatory conditions
- arterial fibrodysplasia
Diagnostic investigations
Investigations to consider
- toe-brachial index (TBI)
- segmental pressure examination
- pulse volume recording
- duplex ultrasound
- continuous wave Doppler ultrasound
- exercise ankle-brachial index (ABI)
- catheter angiography
- CT angiogram
- magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)
Treatment algorithm
Contributors
Authors
Leila Mureebe, MD, MPH, MMCi, FACS
Associate Professor of Surgery
Duke University Health Care
VA Mid Atlantic Healthcare System
Durham
NC
Disclosures
LM declares that she has no competing interests.
Acknowledgements
Dr Leila Mureebe would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Ehrin Armstrong and Dr Kosmas I. Paraskevas, previous contributors to this topic.
Disclosures
EA is an advisory board member for Abbott Vascular, Boston Scientific, Medtronic, and Philips. EA and KIP are both authors of references cited in this topic.
Peer reviewers
Khaled Ziada, MD
Assistant Professor
Division of Cardiovascular Medicine
University of Kentucky
Lexington
KY
Disclosures
KZ declares that he has no competing interests.
Debabrata Mukherjee, MD
Gill Foundation Professor of Interventional Cardiology
Director of Cardiac Catheterization Laboratories
Gill Heart Institute
Division of Cardiovascular Medicine
University of Kentucky
Lexington
KY
Disclosures
DM declares that he has no competing interests.
References
Key articles
Mazzolai L, Teixido-Tura G, Lanzi S, et al. 2024 ESC guidelines for the management of peripheral arterial and aortic diseases. Eur Heart J. 2024 Sep 29;45(36):3538-700.Full text Abstract
Writing Committee Members; Gornik HL, Aronow HD, Goodney PP, et al. 2024 ACC/AHA/AACVPR/APMA/ABC/SCAI/SVM/SVN/SVS/SIR/VESS guideline for the management of lower extremity peripheral artery disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association joint committee on clinical practice guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2024 Jun 18;83(24):2497-604.Full text Abstract
Norgren L, Hiatt WR, Dormandy JA, et al; TASC II Working Group. Inter-society consensus for the management of peripheral arterial disease (TASC II). J Vasc Surg. 2007;45(suppl S):S5-67.Full text Abstract
Mills JL Sr, Conte MS, Armstrong DG, et al. The Society for Vascular Surgery lower extremity threatened limb classification system: risk stratification based on wound, ischemia, and foot infection (WIfI). J Vasc Surg. 2014 Jan;59(1):220-34;e1-2.Full text Abstract
Reference articles
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available here.
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