Smoking cessation reduces the complications experienced by patients and the risk of disease recurrence.[213]Ryan WR, Allan RN, Yamamoto T, et al. Crohn's disease patients who quit smoking have a reduced risk of reoperation for recurrence. Am J Surg. 2004 Feb;187(2):219-25.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14769308?tool=bestpractice.com
[214]Nunes T, Etchevers MJ, García-Sánchez V, et al. Impact of smoking cessation on the clinical course of Crohn's disease under current therapeutic algorithms: a multicenter prospective study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2016 Mar;111(3):411-9.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26856753?tool=bestpractice.com
[215]Veauthier B, Hornecker JR. Crohn's disease: diagnosis and management. Am Fam Physician. 2018 Dec 1;98(11):661-9.
https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/1201/p661.html
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30485038?tool=bestpractice.com
[216]To N, Gracie DJ, Ford AC. Systematic review with meta-analysis: the adverse effects of tobacco smoking on the natural history of Crohn's disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2016 Mar;43(5):549-61.
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/97320
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26749371?tool=bestpractice.com
See Smoking cessation.
Although there is no consensus on guidelines for colorectal cancer screening in patients with Crohn's disease, it is widely accepted to perform surveillance colonoscopy every 1-2 years, starting at 8 years after establishing the diagnosis of pancolitis and 15 years in the case of left-sided colitis.[307]Farraye FA, Odze RD, Eaden J, et al. AGA medical position statement on the diagnosis and management of colorectal neoplasia in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology. 2010 Feb;138(2):738-45.
http://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(09)02202-1/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20141808?tool=bestpractice.com
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How does surveillance compare with no surveillance for detecting colon cancer in people with ulcerative colitis or inflammatory bowel disease?/cca.html?targetUrl=https://cochranelibrary.com/cca/doi/10.1002/cca.1965/fullShow me the answer The European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation recommends that all patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) should undergo screening colonoscopy 8 years after noticing the initial symptoms in order to understand assess the extent of the disease extent and to exclude dysplasia.[290]Gordon H, Biancone L, Fiorino G, et al. ECCO guidelines on inflammatory bowel disease and malignancies. J Crohns Colitis. 2023 Jun 16;17(6):827-54.
https://academic.oup.com/ecco-jcc/article/17/6/827/6931718
A comprehensive perianal and anal examination is recommended during every colonoscopy.[306]Caldera F, Kane S, Long M, et al. AGA Clinical practice update on noncolorectal cancer screening and vaccinations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: expert review. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2025 Apr;23(5):695-706.
https://www.cghjournal.org/article/S1542-3565(25)00020-5/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39800200?tool=bestpractice.com
Annual screening for anxiety and depression is recommended for all adults with IBD.[305]Farraye FA, Melmed GY, Lichtenstein GR, et al. ACG clinical guideline update: preventive care in inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2025 Jul 2;120(7):1447-73.
https://journals.lww.com/ajg/fulltext/2025/07000/acg_clinical_guideline_update__preventive_care_in.15.aspx
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40701559?tool=bestpractice.com
[306]Caldera F, Kane S, Long M, et al. AGA Clinical practice update on noncolorectal cancer screening and vaccinations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: expert review. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2025 Apr;23(5):695-706.
https://www.cghjournal.org/article/S1542-3565(25)00020-5/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39800200?tool=bestpractice.com
Regular screening for cervical dysplasia is recommended for all adult women with IBD.[306]Caldera F, Kane S, Long M, et al. AGA Clinical practice update on noncolorectal cancer screening and vaccinations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: expert review. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2025 Apr;23(5):695-706.
https://www.cghjournal.org/article/S1542-3565(25)00020-5/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39800200?tool=bestpractice.com
Age-appropriate routine preventative vaccinations should be considered in patients with IBD, particularly if immunosuppressive therapy is planned in the future. Live vaccines should generally be avoided in those on immunosuppressants. Inactivated vaccines are considered safe, and their administration is not associated with exacerbation of IBD. Refer to local guidelines for up to date information on recommended vaccinations.[305]Farraye FA, Melmed GY, Lichtenstein GR, et al. ACG clinical guideline update: preventive care in inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2025 Jul 2;120(7):1447-73.
https://journals.lww.com/ajg/fulltext/2025/07000/acg_clinical_guideline_update__preventive_care_in.15.aspx
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40701559?tool=bestpractice.com
[306]Caldera F, Kane S, Long M, et al. AGA Clinical practice update on noncolorectal cancer screening and vaccinations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: expert review. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2025 Apr;23(5):695-706.
https://www.cghjournal.org/article/S1542-3565(25)00020-5/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39800200?tool=bestpractice.com
NHS: Crohn's disease
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