Investigations

1st investigations to order

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug trial

Test
Result
Test

Can be given when there is a strong clinical suspicion.

Result

pain relief

Investigations to consider

local anaesthetic and corticosteroid trial

Test
Result
Test

Can be used when there is a strong clinical suspicion. Usually performed by a specialist (e.g., rheumatologist)

A beneficial response to treatment with a local anaesthetic injection helps to support the diagnosis.

A failure to respond to treatment should prompt further investigation (e.g., chest CT) to consider differential diagnoses.

Result

pain relief

chest x-ray

Test
Result
Test

Not routinely required if the diagnosis of costochondritis is clinically clear. Most helpful in ruling out other aetiologies such as infection or a mass.

Result

normal or chondral enlargement

CT chest

Test
Result
Test

Not routinely required unless infection or alternative diagnosis suspected.[10]

Result

normal or chondral enlargement, low attenuation cartilage, associated soft-tissue swelling or calcification

MRI chest

Test
Result
Test

Not routinely required, but may be used as an alternative to CT.[15]

Result

enlargement, thickening, and increased signals on T2/STIR/FAT-SAT sequences on affected cartilage; bone marrow oedema; increased gadolinium uptake

wound or blood cultures

Test
Result
Test

Reported infective organisms includeCandida albicans,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus species, andEscherichia coli.[11][12][13][14]

Result

positive growth if infective cause

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