Emerging treatments
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) plus interferon
A multicentre, randomised phase 3 trial to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of nilotinib (a second-generation TKI) plus peginterferon combination therapy as first-line treatment for patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) in chronic phase is ongoing.[93] Interim results suggest that the combination is associated with a higher rate of molecular responses, but impaired tolerability.[94]
Olverembatinib
An investigational third-generation TKI. Olverembatinib has been granted orphan-drug designation by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for the treatment of CML in patients resistant to first- and second-generation TKIs, including those harbouring the T315I mutation. In an open-label multicentre phase 1/2 trial, olverembatinib demonstrated significant activity in adults with TKI-resistant chronic-phase CML and accelerated-phase CML.[95] Phase 3 trials are recruiting.[96][97]
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