Emerging treatments

Aromatase inhibitors

Inhibit the action of the aromatase enzyme, which has a role in oestrogen synthesis.[59] Aromatase inhibitors are approved in some countries for the treatment of breast cancer and gynaecomastia.[59] Anastrozole and letrozole are third-generation aromatase inhibitors under investigation for delayed puberty and short stature.[59] One small phase 3 study in boys aged ≥14 years with constitutional delay showed that testicular growth and levels of pituitary hormones were greater with letrozole than testosterone, with similar adverse events between treatment groups.[60]​ Studies of anastrozole in males with short stature have shown that it increases height potential with an acceptable safety profile.[61][62]​​ Investigation of the efficacy and safety of both treatments remains ongoing.

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