Celulite e erisipela

Raff AB, Kroshinsky D. Cellulitis: a review. JAMA. 2016 Jul 19;316(3):325-37. Resumo

Stevens DL, Bisno AL, Chambers HF, et al. Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of skin and soft tissue infections: 2014 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2014 Jul 15;59(2):e10-52.Texto completo  Resumo

American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: suspected osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, or soft tissue infection (excluding spine and diabetic foot). 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

1. Gunderson CG. Cellulitis: definition, etiology, and clinical features. Am J Med. 2011 Dec;124(12):1113-22. Resumo

2. Sartelli M, Coccolini F, Kluger Y, et al. WSES/GAIS/WSIS/SIS-E/AAST global clinical pathways for patients with skin and soft tissue infections. World J Emerg Surg. 2022 Jan 15;17(1):3.Texto completo  Resumo

3. ​Institute For Health Metrics and Evaluation. Global health metrics: cellulitis - level 4 cause. 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo

4. McNamara DR, Tleyjeh IM, Berbari EF, et al. Incidence of lower-extremity cellulitis: a population-based study in Olmsted county, Minnesota. Mayo Clin Proc. 2007 Jul;82(7):817-21. Resumo

5. Kumar M, Jong Ngian VJ, Yeong C, et al. Cellulitis in older people over 75 years - are there differences? Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2020 Jan;49:37-40.Texto completo  Resumo

6. Peterson RA, Polgreen LA, Cavanaugh JE, et al. Increasing incidence, cost, and seasonality in patients hospitalized for cellulitis. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2017 Winter;4(1):ofx008.Texto completo  Resumo

7. Hsu RJ, Chou CC, Liu JM, et al. The association of cellulitis incidence and meteorological factors in Taiwan. Epidemiol Infect. 2019 Jan;147:e138.Texto completo  Resumo

8. Manning L, Cannon J, Dyer J, et al. Seasonal and regional patterns of lower leg cellulitis in Western Australia. Intern Med J. 2019 Feb;49(2):212-216. Resumo

9. Kaye KS, Petty LA, Shorr AF, et al. Current epidemiology, etiology, and burden of acute skin infections in the United States. Clin Infect Dis. 2019 Apr 8;68(suppl 3):S193-9.Texto completo  Resumo

10. Pallin DJ, Egan DJ, Pelletier AJ, et al. Increased US emergency department visits for skin and soft tissue infections, and changes in antibiotic choices, during the emergence of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Ann Emerg Med. 2008 Mar;51(3):291-8. Resumo

11. Qualls ML, Mooney MM, Camargo CA Jr, et al. Emergency department visit rates for abscess versus other skin infections during the emergence of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, 1997-2007. Clin Infect Dis. 2012 Jul;55(1):103-5.Texto completo  Resumo

12. Raff AB, Kroshinsky D. Cellulitis: a review. JAMA. 2016 Jul 19;316(3):325-37. Resumo

13. Stevens DL, Bisno AL, Chambers HF, et al. Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of skin and soft tissue infections: 2014 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2014 Jul 15;59(2):e10-52.Texto completo  Resumo

14. Dalal A, Eskin-Schwartz M, Mimouni D, et al. Interventions for the prevention of recurrent erysipelas and cellulitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Jun 20;(6):CD009758.Texto completo  Resumo

15. Jeng A, Beheshti M, Li J, et al. The role of beta-hemolytic streptococci in causing diffuse, nonculturable cellulitis: a prospective investigation. Medicine (Baltimore). 2010 Jul;89(4):217-26. Resumo

16. Ki V, Rotstein C. Bacterial skin and soft tissue infections in adults: A review of their epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and site of care. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol. 2008 Mar;19(2):173-84.Texto completo  Resumo

17. Kupper TS. Immune and inflammatory processes in cutaneous tissues. Mechanisms and speculations. J Clin Invest. 1990 Dec;86(6):1783-9.Texto completo  Resumo

18. Okada N, Pentland AP, Falk P, et al. M Protein and protein F act as important determinants of cell-specific tropism of Streptococcus pyogenes in skin tissue. J Clin Invest. 1994 Sep;94(3):965-77.Texto completo  Resumo

19. Semel JD, Goldin H. Association of athlete's foot with cellulitis of the lower extremities: diagnostic value of bacterial cultures of ipsilateral interdigital space samples. Clin Infect Dis. 1996 Nov;23(5):1162-4. Resumo

20. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Clinical knowledge summaries: cellulitis. Sep 2019 [internet publication].Texto completo

21. Bjornsdottir S, Gottfredsson M, Thorisdottir AS, et al. Risk factors for acute cellulitis of the lower limb: a prospective case-control study. Clin Infect Dis. 2005 Nov 15;41(10):1416-22.Texto completo  Resumo

22. Karakaş M, Baba M, Aksungur VL, et al. Manifestation of cellulitis after saphenous venectomy for coronary bypass surgery. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2002 Sep;16(5):438-40. Resumo

23. Quirke M, Ayoub F, McCabe A, et al. Risk factors for nonpurulent leg cellulitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Dermatol. 2017 Aug;177(2):382-94. Resumo

24. McNamara DR, Tleyjeh IM, Berbari EF, et al. A predictive model of recurrent lower extremity cellulitis in a population-based cohort. Arch Intern Med. 2007 Apr 9;167(7):709-15.Texto completo  Resumo

25. Simon MS, Cody RL. Cellulitis after axillary lymph node dissection for carcinoma of the breast. Am J Med. 1992 Nov;93(5):543-8. Resumo

26. Dankert J, Bouma J. Recurrent acute leg cellulitis after hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1987 Aug;94(8):788-90. Resumo

27. Woo PC, Lum PN, Wong SS, et al. Cellulitis complicating lymphedema. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2000 Apr;19(4):294-7. Resumo

28. Edwards G, Freeman K, Llewelyn MJ, et al. What diagnostic strategies can help differentiate cellulitis from other causes of red legs in primary care? BMJ. 2020 Feb 12;368:m54. Resumo

29. Chambers HF. Skin and soft tissue infections in persons who inject drugs. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2021 Mar;35(1):169-81. Resumo

30. Taira KG, Wang M, Guo W, et al. Association of cellulitis with obesity: systematic review and meta-analysis. JMIR Dermatol. 2024 Aug 20;7:e54302.Texto completo  Resumo

31. Weng QY, Raff AB, Cohen JM, et al. Costs and consequences associated with misdiagnosed lower extremity cellulitis. JAMA Dermatol. 2017 Feb 1;153(2):141-6. Resumo

32. Boettler MA, Kaffenberger BH, Chung CG. Cellulitis: a review of current practice guidelines and differentiation from pseudocellulitis. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2022 Mar;23(2):153-65. Resumo

33. Cutler TS, Jannat-Khah DP, Kam B, et al. Prevalence of misdiagnosis of cellulitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hosp Med. 2023 Mar;18(3):254-61. Resumo

34. Pulia MS, Schwei RJ, Alexandridis R, et al. Validation of thermal imaging and the ALT-70 prediction model to differentiate cellulitis from pseudocellulitis. JAMA Dermatol. 2024 May 1;160(5):511-7. Resumo

35. Li DG, Mostaghimi A. The quest for a more accurate diagnosis of cellulitis: in dreams begin responsibilities. JAMA Dermatol. 2024 May 1;160(5):489-91. Resumo

36. Ko LN, Garza-Mayers AC, St John J, et al. Effect of dermatology consultation on outcomes for patients with presumed cellulitis: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Dermatol. 2018 May 1;154(5):529-36.Texto completo  Resumo

37. Daum RS. Skin and soft-tissue infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. N Engl J Med. 2007 Jul 26;357(4):380-90. [Dosage error in text; published correction appears in N Engl J Med. 2007;357:1357.] Resumo

38. Jackson KA, Bohm MK, Brooks JT, et al. Invasive methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infections among persons who inject drugs - six sites, 2005-2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018 Jun 8;67(22):625-8.Texto completo  Resumo

39. Clinical Resource Efficiency Support Team (CREST). Guidelines on the management of cellulitis in adults. Jun 2005 [internet publication].Texto completo

40. Phoenix G, Das S, Joshi M. Diagnosis and management of cellulitis. BMJ. 2012 Aug 7;345:e4955. Resumo

41. Morris AD. Cellulitis and erysipelas. BMJ Clin Evid. 2008 Jan 2;2008:1708. Resumo

42. ​Stevens DL, Bryant AE. Streptococcus pyogenes impetigo, erysipelas, and cellulitis. 2nd ed.Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center; 2022.Texto completo

43. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Group a strep infection: clinical guidance for group a streptococcal cellulitis. Mar 2020 [internet publication].Texto completo

44. Sakamoto S, Oiso N, Emoto M, et al. Cellulitis with leukocytopenia as an initial sign of acute promyelocytic leukemia. Case Rep Dermatol. 2012 Jan;4(1):47-9.Texto completo  Resumo

45. Moran GJ, Krishnadasan A, Gorwitz RJ, et al. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus infections among patients in the emergency department. New Engl J Med. 2006 Aug 17;355(7):666-74.Texto completo  Resumo

46. May LS, Rothman RE, Miller LG, et al. A randomized clinical trial comparing use of rapid molecular testing for Staphylococcus aureus for patients with cutaneous abscesses in the emergency department with standard of care. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2015 Dec;36(12):1423-30.Texto completo  Resumo

47. Toleman MS, Vipond IB, Brindle R. Specific PCR, bacterial culture, serology and pharyngeal sampling to enhance the aetiological diagnosis of cellulitis. J Med Microbiol. 2016 Jan;65(1):44-7. Resumo

48. Bailey E, Kroshinsky D. Cellulitis: diagnosis and management. Dermatol Ther. 2011 Mar-Apr;24(2):229-39. Resumo

49. Public Health England. UK standards for microbiology investigations: investigation of swabs from skin and superficial soft tissue infections. December 2018 [internet publication].Texto completo

50. Miller JM, Binnicker MJ, Campbell S, et al. Guide to utilization of the microbiology laboratory for diagnosis of infectious diseases: 2024 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the American Society for Microbiology (ASM). Clin Infect Dis. 5 Mar 2024 [Epub ahead of print].Texto completo  Resumo

51. Simundic AM, Bölenius K, Cadamuro J, et al. Joint EFLM-COLABIOCLI recommendation for venous blood sampling. Clin Chem Lab Med 2018;56(12):2015-38. Resumo

52. American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: suspected osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, or soft tissue infection (excluding spine and diabetic foot). 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

53. Subramaniam S, Bober J, Chao J, et al. Point-of-care ultrasound for diagnosis of abscess in skin and soft tissue infections. Acad Emerg Med. 2016 Nov;23(11):1298-306. Resumo

54. Gottlieb M, Avila J, Chottiner M, et al. Point-of-care ultrasonography for the diagnosis of skin and soft tissue abscesses: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Emerg Med. 2020 Jul;76(1):67-77. Resumo

55. Muhammad R, Kyari F. Preseptal and orbital cellulitis: how to identify and treat these conditions - and save lives. Community Eye Health. 2024;36(121):13-14.Texto completo  Resumo

56. Ali SZ, Srinivasan S, Peh WC. MRI in necrotizing fasciitis of the extremities. Br J Radiol. 2014 Jan;87(1033):20130560.Texto completo  Resumo

57. Joshi A, Alomar T, Kaune DF, et al. A case of necrotizing fasciitis initially misdiagnosed as cellulitis. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2024 May;118:109701.Texto completo  Resumo

58. Chen LL, Fasolka B, Treacy C. Necrotizing fasciitis: a comprehensive review. Nursing. 2020 Sep;50(9):34-40.Texto completo  Resumo

59. Schmid MR, Kossmann T, Duewell S. Differentiation of necrotizing fasciitis and cellulitis using MR imaging. Am J Roentgenol. 1998 Mar;170(3):615-20.Texto completo  Resumo

60. McHenry CR, Piotrowski JJ, Petrinic D. Determinants of mortality for necrotizing soft-tissue infections. Ann Surg. 1995 May;221(5):558-63Texto completo  Resumo

61. Keller EC, Tomecki KJ, Alraies MC. Distinguishing cellulitis from its mimics. Cleve Clin J Med. 2012 Aug;79(8):547-52.Texto completo  Resumo

62. Goss JA, Greene AK. Sensitivity and specificity of the stemmer sign for lymphedema: a clinicallymphoscintigraphic study. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2019 Jun;7(6):e2295.Texto completo  Resumo

63. Stolldorf DP, Dietrich MS, Ridner SH. Symptom frequency, intensity, and distress in patients with lower limb lymphedema. Lymphat Res Biol. 2016 Jun;14(2):78-87.Texto completo  Resumo

64. Greene AK, Goss JA. Diagnosis and staging of lymphedema. Semin Plast Surg. 2018 Feb;32(1):12-16.Texto completo  Resumo

65. Lantos PM, Rumbaugh J, Bockenstedt LK, et al. Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), American Academy of Neurology (AAN), and American College of Rheumatology (ACR): 2020 guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of lyme disease. Clin Infect Dis. 2021 Jan 23;72(1):e1-48.Texto completo  Resumo

66. Lantos PM, Rumbaugh J, Bockenstedt LK, et al. Clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), American Academy of Neurology (AAN), and American College of Rheumatology (ACR): 2020 guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of Lyme disease. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2021 Oct;73(1):1-9.Texto completo

67. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Lyme disease. October 2018 [internet publication].Texto completo

68. Falagas ME, Vergidis PI. Narrative review: diseases that masquerade as infectious cellulitis. Ann Intern Med. 2005 Jan 4;142(1):47-55. Resumo

69. Fitzpatrick TB, Johnson RA, Wolff K. Color atlas & synopsis of clinical dermatology: common and serious diseases. 4th ed. New York, NY: The McGraw-Hill Companies; 2001.

70. Pérez-Garza DM, Chavez-Alvarez S, Ocampo-Candiani J, et al. Erythema nodosum: a practical approach and diagnostic algorithm. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2021 May;22(3):367-78.Texto completo  Resumo

71. Maronese CA, Pimentel MA, Li MM, et al. Pyoderma gangrenosum: an updated literature review on established and emerging pharmacological treatments. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2022 Sep;23(5):615-34.Texto completo  Resumo

72. Barbe M, Batra A, Golding S, et al. Pyoderma gangrenosum: a literature review. Clin Podiatr Med Surg. 2021 Oct;38(4):577-88. Resumo

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75. Rapini RP, Warner NB. Relapsing polychondritis. Clin Dermatol. 2006 Nov-Dec;24(6):482-5. Resumo

76. Fine A, Zacharias J. Calciphylaxis is usually non-ulcerating: risk factors, outcome and therapy. Kidney Int. 2002 Jun;61(6):2210-7.Texto completo  Resumo

77. Kirsner RS, Pardes JB, Eaglstein WH, et al. The clinical spectrum of lipodermatosclerosis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1993 Apr;28(4):623-7. Resumo

78. Eron LJ, Lipsky BA, Low DE, et al. Managing skin and soft tissue infections: expert panel recommendations on key decision points. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2003 Nov;52 Suppl 1:i3-17. Resumo

79. Brindle R, Williams OM, Barton E, et al. Assessment of antibiotic treatment of cellulitis and erysipelas: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Dermatol. 2019 Sep 1;155(9):1033-40.Texto completo  Resumo

80. Mistry K, Sharma S, Patel M, et al. Clinical response to antibiotic regimens in lower limb cellulitis: a systematic review. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2021 Jan;46(1):42-9.Texto completo  Resumo

81. Shu Z, Cao J, Li H, et al. Efficacy and safety of first- and second-line antibiotics for cellulitis and erysipelas: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Dermatol Res. 2024 Sep 6;316(8):603.Texto completo  Resumo

82. Leekha S, Terrell CL, Edson RS. General principles of antimicrobial therapy. Mayo Clin Proc. 2011 Feb;86(2):156-67.Texto completo  Resumo

83. Leong HN, Kurup A, Tan MY, et al. Management of complicated skin and soft tissue infections with a special focus on the role of newer antibiotics. Infect Drug Resist. 2018;11:1959-74.Texto completo  Resumo

84. Swartz MN. Clinical practice: cellulitis. N Engl J Med. 2004 Feb 26;350(9):904-12. Resumo

85. Sartelli M, Guirao X, Hardcastle TC, et al. 2018 WSES/SIS-E consensus conference: recommendations for the management of skin and soft-tissue infections. World J Emerg Surg. 2018;13:58.Texto completo  Resumo

86. Lee RA, Centor RM, Humphrey LL, et al. Appropriate use of short-course antibiotics in common infections: best practice advice from the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2021 Jun;174(6):822-7.Texto completo  Resumo

87. Hamill L, Keijzers G, Robertson S, et al. Anti-inflammatories as adjunct treatment for cellulitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. CJEM. 2024 Jul;26(7):472-81. Resumo

88. Sharkey AR, King SW, Ramsden AJ, et al. Do surgical interventions for limb lymphoedema reduce cellulitis attack frequency? Microsurgery. 2017 May;37(4):348-53. Resumo

89. Webb E, Neeman T, Bowden FJ, et al. Compression Therapy to Prevent Recurrent Cellulitis of the Leg. N Engl J Med. 2020 Aug 13;383(7):630-639. Resumo

90. Webster J, Osborne S, Rickard CM, et al. Clinically-indicated replacement versus routine replacement of peripheral venous catheters. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Jan 23;1(1):CD007798.Texto completo  Resumo

91. Tami A, Othman S, Sudhakar A, et al. Ludwig's angina and steroid use: a narrative review. Am J Otolaryngol. 2020 May-Jun;41(3):102411. Resumo

92. Bergkvist PI, Sjöbeck K. Antibiotic and prednisolone therapy of erysipelas: a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study. Scand J Infect Dis. 1997;29(4):377-82. Resumo