Acredita-se que a incidência de lesões cutâneas malignas e pré-malignas associadas à exposição ao sol, incluindo CAs, tenha aumentado em média de 3% a 8% desde a década de 1960, embora seja provável que isso seja subestimado.[2]Berman B, Bienstock L, Kuritzky L, et al. Primary Care Education Consortium; Texas Academy of Family Physicians. Actinic keratoses: sequelae and treatments. Recommendations from a consensus panel. J Fam Pract. 2006 May;55(5):suppl 1-8.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16672155?tool=bestpractice.com
[9]Hemminki K, Zhang H, Czene K. Time trends and familial risks in squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. Arch Dermatol. 2003 Jul;139(7):885-9.
https://archderm.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=479412
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12873883?tool=bestpractice.com
[10]Diepgen TL, Mahler V. The epidemiology of skin cancer. Br J Dermatol. 2002 Apr;146 Suppl 61:1-6.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11966724?tool=bestpractice.com
[11]Christenson LJ, Borrowman TA, Vachon CM, et al. Incidence of basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas in a population younger than 40 years. JAMA. 2005 Aug 10;294(6):681-90.
https://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=201373
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16091570?tool=bestpractice.com
[12]de Berker D, McGregor JM, Mohd Mustapa MF, et al. British Association of Dermatologists' guidelines for the care of patients with actinic keratosis 2017. Br J Dermatol. 2017 Jan;176(1):20-43.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28098380?tool=bestpractice.com
A proporção de adultos com pelo menos uma lesão de CA é menor (11% a 26%) em países temperados do hemisfério norte (por exemplo, EUA e Inglaterra) e maior (40% a 60%) em países mais próximos ao equador (por exemplo, Austrália).[2]Berman B, Bienstock L, Kuritzky L, et al. Primary Care Education Consortium; Texas Academy of Family Physicians. Actinic keratoses: sequelae and treatments. Recommendations from a consensus panel. J Fam Pract. 2006 May;55(5):suppl 1-8.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16672155?tool=bestpractice.com
[13]Anwar J, Wrone DA, Kimyai-Asadi A, et al. The development of actinic keratosis into invasive squamous cell carcinoma: evidence and evolving classification schemes. Clin Dermatol. 2004 May-Jun;22(3):189-96.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15262304?tool=bestpractice.com
O risco aumenta com o avançar da idade, variando de 10% de prevalência na terceira década de vida até >90% em pessoas com mais de 80 anos.[4]Schwartz RA. The actinic keratosis: a perspective and update. Dermatol Surg. 1997 Nov;23(11):1009-19.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9391557?tool=bestpractice.com
[14]Helfand M, Gorman AK, Mahon S, et al; US Department of Health and Human Services. Actinic keratoses: final report. May 2001 [internet publication].
https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Coverage/DeterminationProcess/downloads/id1TA.pdf
Pessoas com determinadas doenças genéticas (por exemplo, albinismo autossômico recessivo hereditário tipos 1 e 2 e xeroderma pigmentoso) podem desenvolver CAs em idade precoce.[15]Lookingbill DP, Lookingbill GL, Leppard B. Actinic damage and skin cancer in albinos in northern Tanzania: findings in 164 patients enrolled in an outreach skin care program. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1995 Apr;32(4):653-8.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7896957?tool=bestpractice.com
[16]Lehmann AR, Bridges BA. Sunlight-induced cancer: some new aspects and implications of the xeroderma pigmentosum model. Br J Dermatol. 1990 Apr;122 Suppl 35:115-9.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2186779?tool=bestpractice.com
[17]Lambert WC, Kuo HR, Lambert MW. Xeroderma pigmentosum. Dermatol Clin. 1995 Jan;13(1):169-209.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7712643?tool=bestpractice.com
[18]Luande J, Henschke CI, Mohammed N. The Tanzanian human albino skin. Natural history. Cancer. 1985 Apr 15;55(8):1823-8.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3978567?tool=bestpractice.com
A prevalência em homens é maior que em mulheres nos EUA (26.5% em homens e 10.2% em mulheres), no Reino Unido (15% em homens e 6% em mulheres) e na Austrália (55% em homens e 37% em mulheres).[19]Memon AA, Tomenson JA, Bothwell J. Prevalence of solar damage and actinic keratosis in a Merseyside population. Br J Dermatol. 2000 Jun;142(6):1154-9.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10848739?tool=bestpractice.com
[20]Zagula-Mally ZW, Rosenberg EW, Kashgarian M. Frequency of skin cancer and solar keratoses in a rural southern county as determined by population sampling. Cancer. 1974 Aug;34(2):345-9.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4852096?tool=bestpractice.com
[21]Frost C, Williams G, Green A. High incidence and regression rates of solar keratoses in a Queensland community. J Invest Dermatol. 2000 Aug;115(2):273-7.
https://www.jidonline.org/article/S0022-202X(15)40956-X/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10951246?tool=bestpractice.com
Pessoas com pele de cor clara têm 6 vezes mais probabilidade que pessoas de pele mais escura de desenvolver as ACs.[22]Green A, Beardmore G, Hart V, et al. Skin cancer in a Queensland population. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1988 Dec;19(6):1045-52.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3204179?tool=bestpractice.com