En general, la bronquiolitis viral es una afección leve y de resolución espontánea a los pocos días.
Sin embargo, los estudios han demostrado que una proporción significativa de bebés con bronquiolitis por virus respiratorio sincitial desarrollan sibilancias recurrentes; y el rinovirus se ha estudiado cada vez más y se ha demostrado que tiene una asociación con sibilancias recurrentes y un diagnóstico de asma.[139]Mansbach JM, Camargo CA Jr. Respiratory viruses in bronchiolitis and their link to recurrent wheezing and asthma. Clin Lab Med. 2009 Dec;29(4):741-55.
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[140]Jackson DJ, Gangnon RE, Evans MD, et al. Wheezing rhinovirus illnesses in early life predict asthma development in high-risk children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008;178:667-72.
https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/full/10.1164/rccm.200802-309OC
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[141]Lukkarinen M, Koistinen A, Turunen R, et al. Rhinovirus-induced first wheezing episode predicts atopic but not nonatopic asthma at school age. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017 Oct;140(4):988-95.
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[142]Törmänen S, Lauhkonen E, Riikonen R, et al. Risk factors for asthma after infant bronchiolitis. Allergy. 2018 Apr;73(4):916-22.
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[143]Midulla F, Nicolai A, Ferrara M, et al. Recurrent wheezing 36 months after bronchiolitis is associated with rhinovirus infections and blood eosinophilia. Acta Paediatr. 2014 Oct;103(10):1094-9.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24948158?tool=bestpractice.com
Los factores de riesgo como los antecedentes familiares de asma aumentan el riesgo de un diagnóstico futuro de asma.[140]Jackson DJ, Gangnon RE, Evans MD, et al. Wheezing rhinovirus illnesses in early life predict asthma development in high-risk children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008;178:667-72.
https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/full/10.1164/rccm.200802-309OC
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18565953?tool=bestpractice.com
[144]Brandão HV, Vieira GO, Vieira TO, et al. Acute viral bronchiolitis and risk of asthma in schoolchildren: analysis of a Brazilian newborn cohort. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2017 May - Jun;93(3):223-9.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002175571630119X?via%3Dihub
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27665269?tool=bestpractice.com
Un estudio poblacional y retrospectivo grande de España encontró que la tasa de sibilancias recurrentes o asma era mayor cuando la bronquiolitis se producía después de los primeros 6 meses de vida.[145]Muñoz-Quiles C, López-Lacort M, Díez-Domingo J, et al. Bronchiolitis, regardless of its etiology and severity, is associated with increased risk of asthma: a population-based study. J Infect Dis. 2023 Oct 3;228(7):840-50.
https://academic.oup.com/jid/article/228/7/840/7104078
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37015894?tool=bestpractice.com