Emerging treatments
LL-37
In one study of patients with acute leptospirosis, low serum cathelicidin levels were associated with higher bacterial loads and an increased risk of death.[83] The active peptide of cathelicidin, LL-37, is under investigation for treatment of leptospirosis.[83][84]
Plasma exchange and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Limited data suggest plasma exchange or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation may reduce mortality in patients with respiratory failure due to pulmonary hemorrhage, but current evidence is insufficient to recommend their routine use.[85]
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