Organophosphate poisoning

Eddleston M, Buckley NA, Eyer P, et al. Management of acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning. Lancet. 2008 Feb 16;371(9612):597-607.Full text  Abstract

Lavonas EJ, Akpunonu PD, Arens AM, et al. 2023 American Heart Association focused update on the management of patients with cardiac arrest or life-threatening toxicity due to poisoning: an update to the American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. Circulation. 2023 Oct 17;148(16):e149-84.Full text  Abstract

1. World Health Organization. Preventing suicide: a resource for pesticide registrars and regulators. Sep 2019 [internet publication].Full text

2. Mew EJ, Padmanathan P, Konradsen F, et al. The global burden of fatal self-poisoning with pesticides 2006-15: systematic review. J Affect Disord. 2017 Sep;219:93-104.Full text  Abstract

3. Buckley NA, Fahim M, Raubenheimer J, et al. Case fatality of agricultural pesticides after self-poisoning in Sri Lanka: a prospective cohort study. Lancet Glob Health. 2021 Jun;9(6):e854-62.Full text  Abstract

4. Gunnell D, Eddleston M, Phillips MR, et al. The global distribution of fatal pesticide self-poisoning: systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2007 Dec 21;7:357.Full text  Abstract

5. Eddleston M, Buckley NA, Eyer P, et al. Management of acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning. Lancet. 2008 Feb 16;371(9612):597-607.Full text  Abstract

6. Lotti M, Moretto A. Organophosphate-induced delayed polyneuropathy. Toxicol Rev. 2005;24(1):37-49. Abstract

7. Ajdacic-Gross V, Weiss MG, Ring M, et al. Methods of suicide: international suicide patterns derived from the WHO mortality database. Bull World Health Organ. 2008 Sep;86(9):726-32.Full text  Abstract

8. Gajalakshmi V, Peto R. Suicide rates in rural Tamil Nadu, South India: verbal autopsy of 39 000 deaths in 1997-98. Int J Epidemiol. 2007 Feb;36(1):203-7.Full text  Abstract

9. Abeyasinghe R, Gunnell D. Psychological autopsy study of suicide in three rural and semi-rural districts of Sri Lanka. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2008 Apr;43(4):280-5. Abstract

10. Phillips MR, Yang G, Zhang Y, et al. Risk factors for suicide in China: a national case-control psychological autopsy study. Lancet. 2002 Nov 30;360(9347):1728-36. Abstract

11. Fleischmann A, Bertolote JM, De Leo D, et al. Characteristics of attempted suicides seen in emergency-care settings of general hospitals in eight low- and middle-income countries. Psychol Med. 2005 Oct;35(10):1467-74. Abstract

12. Eddleston M, Buckley NA, Gunnell D, et al. Identification of strategies to prevent death after pesticide self-poisoning using a Haddon matrix. Inj Prev. 2006 Oct;12(5):333-7. Abstract

13. National Poisons Information Service. Toxbase: organophosphorus insecticides [internet publication].Full text

14. Davies JO, Eddleston M, Buckley NA, et al. Predicting outcome in acute organophosphorus poisoning with a poison severity score or the Glasgow coma scale. QJM. 2008 May;101(5):371-9.Full text  Abstract

15. Eddleston M, Worek F, Eyer P, et al. Poisoning with the S-Alkyl organophosphorus insecticides profenofos and prothiofos. QJM. 2009 Nov;102(11):785-92.Full text  Abstract

16. Shihana F, Worek F, Dassanayake GA, et al. Evaluation of the accuracy of "ChE check mobile" in measurement of acetylcholinesterase in pesticide poisoning. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2019 Jun;57(6):411-4. Abstract

17. Hulse EJ, Davies JO, Simpson AJ, et al. Respiratory complications of organophosphorus nerve agent and insecticide poisoning. Implications for respiratory and critical care. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2014 Dec 15;190(12):1342-54.Full text  Abstract

18. Parrey AH, Koka M, Ismail M, et al. Early markers in severe organophosphorus poisoning and their association with mortality. J Emerg Med. 2025 Jun;73:95-101. Abstract

19. U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. Clinical practice guidelines: assessment and management of patients at risk for suicide. 2024 [internet publication].Full text

20. Jacob MS, Iyyadurai R, Jose A, et al. Clinical presentation of type 1 and type 2 pyrethroid poisoning in humans. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2022 Apr;60(4):464-71. Abstract

21. Ramchandra AM, Chacko B, Victor PJ. Pyrethroid poisoning. Indian J Crit Care Med. 2019 Dec;23(suppl 4):S267-71.Full text  Abstract

22. Lavonas EJ, Akpunonu PD, Arens AM, et al. 2023 American Heart Association focused update on the management of patients with cardiac arrest or life-threatening toxicity due to poisoning: an update to the American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. Circulation. 2023 Oct 17;148(16):e149-84.Full text  Abstract

23. Li Y, Tse ML, Gawarammana I, et al. Systematic review of controlled clinical trials of gastric lavage in acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2009 Mar;47(3):179-92. Abstract

24. Eddleston M, Juszczak E, Buckley NA, et al; Ox-Col Poisoning Study collaborators. Multiple-dose activated charcoal in acute self-poisoning: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2008 Feb 16;371(9612):579-87.Full text  Abstract

25. Roberts DM, Aaron CK. Management of acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning. BMJ. 2007 Mar 24;334(7594):629-34. Abstract

26. Abedin MJ, Sayeed AA, Basher A, et al. Open-label randomized clinical trial of atropine bolus injection versus incremental boluses plus infusion for organophosphate poisoning in Bangladesh. J Med Toxicol. 2012 Jun;8(2):108-17. Abstract

27. Banerjee I, Tripathi SK, Roy AS. A study on comparative evaluation of add-on pralidoxime therapy over atropine in the management of organophosphorus poisoning in a tertiary care hospital. JK Science. 2011 Apr-Jun;13(2):65-9.Full text

28. Banerjee I, Tripathi SK, Roy AS. Efficacy of pralidoxime in organophosphorus poisoning: revisiting the controversy in Indian setting. J Postgrad Med. 2014 Jan-Mar;60(1):27-30.Full text  Abstract

29. Buckley NA, Eddleston M, Li Y, et al. Oximes for acute organophosphate pesticide poisoning. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 Feb 16;(2):CD005085.Full text  Abstract

30. Blumenberg A, Benabbas R, deSouza IS, et al. Utility of 2-Pyridine Aldoxime Methyl Chloride (2-PAM) for Acute Organophosphate Poisoning: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Med Toxicol. 2018 Mar;14(1):91-98.Full text  Abstract

31. Eddleston M, Eyer P, Worek F, et al. Pralidoxime in acute organophosphorus insecticide poisoning - a randomised controlled trial. PLoS Med. 2009 Jun 30;6(6):e1000104.Full text  Abstract

32. Thiermann H, Zilker T, Eyer F, et al. Monitoring of neuromuscular transmission in organophosphate pesticide-poisoned patients. Toxicol Lett. 2009 Dec 15;191(2-3):297-304. Abstract

33. Konickx LA, Worek F, Jayamanne S, et al. Reactivation of plasma butyrylcholinesterase by pralidoxime chloride in patients poisoned by WHO class II toxicity organophosphorus insecticides. Toxicol Sci. 2013 Dec;136(2):274-83.Full text  Abstract

34. Alahakoon C, Dassanayake TL, Gawarammana IB, et al. Prediction of organophosphorus insecticide-induced intermediate syndrome with stimulated concentric needle single fibre electromyography. PLoS One. 2018 Sep 27;13(9):e0203596.Full text  Abstract

35. Mitra JK, Hansda U, Bandyopadhyay D, et al. The role of a combination of N-acetylcysteine and magnesium sulfate as adjuvants to standard therapy in acute organophosphate poisoning: a randomized controlled trial. Heliyon. 2023 Apr;9(4):e15376.Full text  Abstract

36. Kumar HM, Pannu AK, Kumar S, et al. Magnesium sulfate in organophosphorus compound poisoning: a prospective open-label clinician-initiated intervention trial with historical controls. Int J Crit Illn Inj Sci. 2022 Jan-Mar;12(1):33-7. Abstract

37. Eddleston M. Novel clinical toxicology and pharmacology of organophosphorus insecticide self-poisoning. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2019 Jan 6;59:341-60. Abstract

38. Brvar M, Chan MY, Dawson AH, et al. Magnesium sulfate and calcium channel blocking drugs as antidotes for acute organophosphorus insecticide poisoning - a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2018 Mar 20;56(8):725-36. Abstract

39. Roberts DM, Buckley NA. Alkalinisation for organophosphorus pesticide poisoning. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005 Jan 25;(1):CD004897.Full text  Abstract

40. Zeng S, Ma L, Yang L, et al. The advantages of penehyclidine hydrochloride over atropine in acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning: a meta-analysis. J Intensive Med. 2023 Apr 30;3(2):171-84.Full text  Abstract

41. Yu S, Yu S, Zhang L, et al. Efficacy and outcomes of lipid resuscitation on organophosphate poisoning patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Emerg Med. 2019 Sep;37(9):1611-7. Abstract

42. Pannu AK, Garg S, Bhalla A, et al. Lipid emulsion for the treatment of acute organophosphate poisoning: an Open-Label randomized trial. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2022 May;60(5):602-8. Abstract

43. Dassanayake TL, Weerasinghe VS, Gawarammana I, et al. Subacute and chronic neuropsychological sequalae of acute organophosphate pesticide self-poisoning: a prospective cohort study from Sri Lanka. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2021 Feb;59(2):118-30. Abstract

44. Pannu AK, Bhalla A, Vishnu RI, et al. Organophosphate induced delayed neuropathy after an acute cholinergic crisis in self-poisoning. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2021 Jun;59(6):488-92. Abstract