Primary prevention

In most developed countries, the routine childhood immunisation schedule recommends a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13), a suitable meningococcal vaccine, and a Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine. 

Local vaccination guidelines may vary and should be consulted:

Secondary prevention

Report all cases of suspected Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) meningitis urgently to local public health authorities.[71] Immunisation with Hib vaccine should be considered in the public health management of an outbreak. Vaccinate all at-risk groups against Streptococcus pneumoniae and H influenzae type b.[23][71]

Investigate the immunological status of patients with two or more episodes of pneumococcal meningitis.[15]

Check the protocol for contact management in the country where you are based.

H influenzae type b (Hib)

In the UK, prophylactic rifampicin for household contacts will be initiated by the health protection team after notification.[15]

Hib vaccination should be given to all unvaccinated household contacts under 10 years.[15]

S pneumoniae

Contact management is not usually indicated for pneumococcal meningitis, as close contacts are not usually at increased risk of infection.[15]

Use of this content is subject to our disclaimer