History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

common

digoxin exposure

History of exposure to digoxin or digitoxin should be confirmed if possible.

gastrointestinal symptoms

Typically include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, or anorexia.

central nervous system symptoms

Typically include lethargy, weakness, and confusion.

uncommon

visual symptoms

Typically include disturbances of color vision with a tendency to perceive yellow halos around objects (xanthopsia), blurred vision, and diplopia. Xanthopsia is not as common in digoxin overdose as it is in digitoxin overdose.

Other diagnostic factors

common

suicidality

Patients or family members may provide the history of exposure or suicidality in acute digoxin toxicity.

cardiovascular symptoms

Typically include palpitations, syncope, arrhythmias, and dyspnea.

Use of this content is subject to our disclaimer