The current prevalence of BDD is 1.7% to 2.9%, based on studies in the US, Sweden, and Germany.[2]Rief W, Buhlmann U, Wilhelm S, et al. The prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder: a population-based survey. Psychol Med. 2006 Jun;36(6):877-85.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16515733?tool=bestpractice.com
[3]Koran LM, Abujaoude E, Large MD, et al. The prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder in the United States adult population. CNS Spectr. 2008 Apr;13(4):316-22.
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[4]Schieber K, Kollei I, de Zwaan M, et al. Classification of body dysmorphic disorder - what is the advantage of the new DSM-5 criteria? J Psychosom Res. 2015 Mar;78(3):223-7.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25595027?tool=bestpractice.com
[5]Veale D, Gledhill LJ, Christodoulou P, et al. Body dysmorphic disorder in different settings: a systematic review and estimated weighted prevalence. Body Image. 2016 Sep;18:168-86.
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A nationwide study in the US found a current prevalence of 2.4%.[3]Koran LM, Abujaoude E, Large MD, et al. The prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder in the United States adult population. CNS Spectr. 2008 Apr;13(4):316-22.
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BDD can affect people of any age, from as young as 4 years old to old age, although it is unusual to onset in people older than 40 years.[6]Bjornsson AS, Didie ER, Grant JE, et al. Age at onset and clinical correlates in body dysmorphic disorder. Compr Psychiatry. 2013 Oct;54(7):893-903.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3779493
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Several studies have found higher point prevalence rates in younger subgroups (i.e., adolescents, ages 18-24, or ages 18-30) than in older subgroups.[3]Koran LM, Abujaoude E, Large MD, et al. The prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder in the United States adult population. CNS Spectr. 2008 Apr;13(4):316-22.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18408651?tool=bestpractice.com
[7]Hartmann AS, Buhlmann U. Prevalence and underrecognition of body dysmorphic disorder. In: Phillips KA, ed. Body dysmorphic disorder: advances in research and clinical practice. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2017:49.[8]Brohede S, Wingren G, Wijma B, et al. Prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder among Swedish women: a population-based study. Compr Psychiatry. 2015 Apr;58:108-15.
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BDD is more common in clinical settings. For example, in the US, BDD has been reported in 13% to 16% of psychiatric inpatients.[7]Hartmann AS, Buhlmann U. Prevalence and underrecognition of body dysmorphic disorder. In: Phillips KA, ed. Body dysmorphic disorder: advances in research and clinical practice. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2017:49. It has a weighted prevalence of 11% to 13% in dermatology settings, 13% to 15% in cosmetic surgery settings, and 20% in rhinoplasty settings.[5]Veale D, Gledhill LJ, Christodoulou P, et al. Body dysmorphic disorder in different settings: a systematic review and estimated weighted prevalence. Body Image. 2016 Sep;18:168-86.
https://core.ac.uk/reader/45324335?utm_source=linkout
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27498379?tool=bestpractice.com
[7]Hartmann AS, Buhlmann U. Prevalence and underrecognition of body dysmorphic disorder. In: Phillips KA, ed. Body dysmorphic disorder: advances in research and clinical practice. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2017:49.
It is not known whether the prevalence of BDD differs across nations or among cultural, racial, or ethnic groups. It is also not known whether the prevalence is stable, increasing, or decreasing.
In the general population, about 60% of people with BDD are female, but more males than females are seen in cosmetic surgery, rhinoplasty, and dermatology settings.[5]Veale D, Gledhill LJ, Christodoulou P, et al. Body dysmorphic disorder in different settings: a systematic review and estimated weighted prevalence. Body Image. 2016 Sep;18:168-86.
https://core.ac.uk/reader/45324335?utm_source=linkout
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27498379?tool=bestpractice.com
[7]Hartmann AS, Buhlmann U. Prevalence and underrecognition of body dysmorphic disorder. In: Phillips KA, ed. Body dysmorphic disorder: advances in research and clinical practice. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2017:49.