References
Key articles
American Diabetes Association. Standards of care in diabetes - 2025. Diabetes Care. 2025 Jan;48(1):S344-52.Full text
Norris JM, Johnson RK, Stene LC. Type 1 diabetes-early life origins and changing epidemiology. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2020 Mar;8(3):226-38.Full text Abstract
International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes. ISPAD clinical practice consensus guidelines 2024. Dec 2024 [nternet publication].Full text
Holt RIG, DeVries JH, Hess-Fischl A, et al. The management of type 1 diabetes in adults. A consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetologia. 2021 Dec;64(12):2609-52.Full text Abstract
Reference articles
1. American Diabetes Association. Standards of care in diabetes - 2025. Diabetes Care. 2025 Jan;48(1):S344-52.Full text
2. Skyler JS, Bakris GL, Bonifacio E, et al. Differentiation of diabetes by pathophysiology, natural history, and prognosis. Diabetes. 2017 Feb;66(2):241-55.Full text Abstract
3. Voss MG, Cuthbertson DD, Cleves MM, et al. Time to peak glucose and peak C-peptide during the progression to type 1 diabetes in the diabetes prevention trial and TrialNet cohorts. Diabetes Care. 2021 Oct;44(10):2329-36. Abstract
4. Insel RA, Dunne JL, Atkinson MA, et al. Staging presymptomatic type 1 diabetes: a scientific statement of JDRF, the Endocrine Society, and the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2015;38(10):1964-74.Full text Abstract
5. Fourlanos S, Perry C, Stein MS, et al. A clinical screening tool identifies autoimmune diabetes in adults. Diabetes Care. 2006 May;29(5):970-5. Abstract
6. Jones AG, McDonald TJ, Shields BM, et al. Latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA) is likely to represent a mixed population of autoimmune (type 1) and nonautoimmune (type 2) diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2021 Jun;44(6):1243-51.Full text Abstract
7. Pieralice S, Pozzilli P. Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults: a review on clinical implications and management. Diabetes Metab J. 2018 Dec;42(6):451-64.Full text Abstract
8. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Type 1 diabetes in adults: diagnosis and management. Aug 2022 [internet publication].Full text
9. Maahs DM, West NA, Lawrence JM, et al. Epidemiology of type 1 diabetes. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2010 Sep;39(3):481-97.Full text Abstract
10. World Health Organization. Diabetes. Nov 2024 [internet publication].Full text
11. Magliano DJ, Boyko EJ; IDF Diabetes Atlas 10th edition scientific committee. IDF DIABETES ATLAS [Internet]. 10th ed. Brussels: International Diabetes Federation; 2021.Full text Abstract
12. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Diabetes: national diabetes statistics report. May 2024 [internet publication].Full text
13. Divers J, Mayer-Davis EJ, Lawrence JM, et al. Trends in incidence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes among youths - selected counties and Indian reservations, United States, 2002-2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020 Feb 14;69(6):161-5.Full text Abstract
14. Forouhi NG, Wareham NJ. Epidemiology of diabetes. Medicine (Abingdon). 2014;42(12):698-702.Full text Abstract
15. Ward ZJ, Yeh JM, Reddy CL, et al. Estimating the total incidence of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents aged 0-19 years from 1990 to 2050: a global simulation-based analysis. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2022 Dec;10(12):848-58. Abstract
16. EURODIAB ACE Study Group. Variation and trends in incidence of childhood diabetes in Europe. Lancet. 2000 Mar 11;355(9207):873-6. Abstract
17. Adeloye D, Chan KY, Thorley N, et al. Global and regional estimates of the morbidity due to type I diabetes among children aged 0-4 years: a systematic review and analysis. J Glob Health. 2018 Dec;8(2):021101.Full text Abstract
18. Patterson CC, Gyürüs E, Rosenbauer J, et al. Trends in childhood type 1 diabetes incidence in Europe during 1989-2008: evidence of non-uniformity over time in rates of increase. Diabetologia. 2012 May 26;55(8):2142-7.Full text Abstract
19. DIAMOND Project Group. Incidence and trends of childhood Type 1 diabetes worldwide 1990-1999. Diabet Med. 2006 Aug;23(8):857-66. Abstract
20. Mayer-Davis EJ, Lawrence JM, Dabelea D, et al; SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study. Incidence trends of type 1 and type 2 diabetes among youths, 2002-2012. N Engl J Med. 2017 Apr 13;376(15):1419-29.Full text Abstract
21. GBD 2021 Diabetes Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet. 2023 Jul 15;402(10397):203-34.Full text Abstract
22. Norris JM, Johnson RK, Stene LC. Type 1 diabetes-early life origins and changing epidemiology. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2020 Mar;8(3):226-38.Full text Abstract
23. Atkinson MA, Maclaren NK. The pathogenesis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 1994 Nov 24;331(21):1428-36. Abstract
24. Noble JA, Valdes AM. Genetics of the HLA region in the prediction of type 1 diabetes. Curr Diab Rep. 2011 Dec;11(6):533-42.Full text Abstract
25. Hyöty H. Viruses in type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes. 2016 Jul;17 Suppl 22:56-64. Abstract
26. Devendra D, Liu E, Eisenbarth GS. Type 1 diabetes: recent developments. BMJ. 2004 Mar 27;328(7442):750-4.Full text Abstract
27. Hober D, Sauter P. Pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus: interplay between enterovirus and host. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2010 May;6(5):279-89. Abstract
28. Wang K, Ye F, Chen Y, et al. Association between enterovirus infection and type 1 diabetes risk: a meta-analysis of 38 case-control studies. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021;12:706964.Full text Abstract
29. Yang S, Zhao B, Zhang Z, et al. Association between enterovirus infection and clinical type 1 diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Epidemiol Infect. 2021 Dec 10;150:e23.Full text Abstract
30. Isaacs SR, Roy A, Dance B, et al. Enteroviruses and risk of islet autoimmunity or type 1 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled observational studies detecting viral nucleic acids and proteins. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2023 Aug;11(8):578-92. Abstract
31. Wolden-Kirk H, Overbergh L, Christesen HT, et al. Vitamin D and diabetes: its importance for beta cell and immune function. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2011 Aug 26;347(1-2):106-20. Abstract
32. Yu J, Sharma P, Girgis CM, et al. Vitamin D and beta cells in type 1 diabetes: a systematic review. Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Nov 20;23(22):14434.Full text Abstract
33. Infante M, Ricordi C, Sanchez J, et al. Influence of vitamin D on islet autoimmunity and beta-cell function in type 1 diabetes. Nutrients. 2019 Sep 11;11(9):2185.Full text Abstract
34. Daskalopoulou M, Pylli M, Giannakou K. Vitamin D deficiency as a possible cause of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents up to 15 years old: a systematic review. Rev Diabet Stud. 2022 Jun 30;18(2):58-67.Full text Abstract
35. Hyytinen M, Savilahti E, Virtanen SM, et al; Finnish TRIGR Pilot Study Group. Avoidance of cow's milk-based formula for at-risk infants does not reduce development of celiac disease: a randomized controlled trial. Gastroenterology. 2017 Jul 5;153(4):961-70.e3.Full text Abstract
36. Uusitalo U, Lee HS, Andrén Aronsson C, et al; TEDDY Study Group. Early infant diet and islet autoimmunity in the TEDDY Study. Diabetes Care. 2018 Jan 17;41(3):522-30.Full text Abstract
37. Silvis K, Aronsson CA, Liu X, et al; TEDDY Study Group. Maternal dietary supplement use and development of islet autoimmunity in the offspring: TEDDY study. Pediatr Diabetes. 2018 Dec 9;20(1):86-92.Full text Abstract
38. Kakleas K, Karayianni C, Critselis E, et al. The prevalence and risk factors for coeliac disease among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2010 Nov;90(2):202-8. Abstract
39. Hagopian W, Lee HS, Liu E, et al; TEDDY Study Group. Co-occurrence of type 1 diabetes and celiac disease autoimmunity. Pediatrics. 2017 Oct 10;140(5):e20171305.Full text Abstract
40. Ludvigsson JF, Ludvigsson J, Ekbom A, et al. Celiac disease and risk of subsequent type 1 diabetes: a general population cohort study of children and adolescents. Diabetes Care. 2006 Nov;29(11):2483-8.Full text Abstract
41. Ziegler AG, Hummel M, Schenker M, et al. Autoantibody appearance and risk for development of childhood diabetes in offspring of parents with type 1 diabetes: the 2-year analysis of the German BABYDIAB study. Diabetes. 1999 Mar;48(3):460-8. Abstract
42. Wenzlau JM, Juhl K, Yu L, et al. The cation efflux transporter ZnT8 (Slc30A8) is a major autoantigen in human type 1 diabetes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2007 Oct 23;104(43):17040-5.Full text Abstract
43. Niskanen L, Tuomi T, Karjalainen J, et al. GAD antibodies in NIDDM. Ten-year follow-up from the diagnosis. Diabetes Care. 1995 Dec;18(12):1557-65. Abstract
44. Herold KC, Usmani-Brown S, Ghazi T, et al. β cell death and dysfunction during type 1 diabetes development in at-risk individuals. J Clin Invest. 2015 Mar 2;125(3):1163-73.Full text Abstract
45. Apostolopoulou M, Lambadiari V, Roden M, et al. Insulin resistance in type 1 diabetes: pathophysiological, clinical, and therapeutic relevance. Endocr Rev. 2025 May 9;46(3):317-48.Full text Abstract
46. Umpierrez GE, Davis GM, ElSayed NA, et al. Hyperglycaemic crises in adults with diabetes: a consensus report. Diabetologia. 2024 Aug;67(8):1455-79.Full text Abstract
47. Garg R, Chaudhuri A, Munschauer F, et al. Hyperglycemia, insulin, and acute ischemic stroke: a mechanistic justification for a trial of insulin infusion therapy. Stroke. 2006 Jan;37(1):267-73.Full text Abstract
48. International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes. ISPAD clinical practice consensus guidelines 2024. Dec 2024 [nternet publication].Full text
49. Hyttinen V, Kaprio J, Kinnunen L, et al. Genetic liability of type 1 diabetes and the onset age among 22,650 young Finnish twin pairs: a nationwide follow-up study. Diabetes. 2003 Apr;52(4):1052-5.Full text Abstract
50. Gillespie KM, Bain SC, Barnett AH, et al. The rising incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes and reduced contribution of high-risk HLA haplotypes. Lancet. 2004 Nov 6-12;364(9446):1699-700. Abstract
51. Zhou J, Wang Y, Xu R. Association of COVID-19 infection and the risk of new incident diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2024;15:1429848.Full text Abstract
52. Johnson CR, Thacher TD. Vitamin D: immune function, inflammation, infections and auto-immunity. Paediatr Int Child Health. 2023 Nov;43(4):29-39. Abstract
53. Lund-Blix NA, Dydensborg Sander S, Størdal K, et al. Infant feeding and risk of type 1 diabetes in two large Scandinavian birth cohorts. Diabetes Care. 2017 May 9;40(7):920-7.Full text Abstract
54. Haanen J, Obeid M, Spain L, et al. Management of toxicities from immunotherapy: ESMO clinical practice guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2022 Dec;33(12):1217-38.Full text Abstract
55. Lin C, Li X, Qiu Y, et al. PD-1 inhibitor-associated type 1 diabetes: a case report and systematic review. Front Public Health. 2022;10:885001.Full text Abstract
56. Zhu J, Luo M, Liang D, et al. Type 1 diabetes with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic analysis of clinical trials and a pharmacovigilance study of postmarketing data. Int Immunopharmacol. 2022 Sep;110:109053. Abstract
57. Ruiz-Esteves KN, Shank KR, Deutsch AJ, et al. Identification of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced diabetes. JAMA Oncol. 2024 Oct 1;10(10):1409-16. Abstract
58. Wu L, Tsang V, Menzies AM, et al. Risk factors and characteristics of checkpoint inhibitor-associated autoimmune diabetes mellitus (CIADM): a systematic review and delineation from type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2023 Jun 1;46(6):1292-9.Full text Abstract
59. Lo Preiato V, Salvagni S, Ricci C, et al. Diabetes mellitus induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors: type 1 diabetes variant or new clinical entity? Review of the literature. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2021 Jun;22(2):337-49. Abstract
60. Herold KC, Bundy BN, Long SA, et al. An anti-CD3 antibody, teplizumab, in relatives at risk for type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2019 Aug 15;381(7):603-13.Full text Abstract
61. Mehta S, Ryabets-Lienhard A, Patel N, et al. Pediatric endocrine society statement on considerations for use of teplizumab (Tzield™) in clinical practice. Horm Res Paediatr. 2024 Apr 30:1-12. Abstract
62. Nourelden AZ, Elshanbary AA, El-Sherif L, et al. Safety and efficacy of teplizumab for treatment of type one diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2021;21(10):1895-904. Abstract
63. Sherry N, Hagopian W, Ludvigsson J, et al. Teplizumab for treatment of type 1 diabetes (Protégé study): 1-year results from a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2011 Aug 6;378(9790):487-97.Full text Abstract
64. Hagopian W, Ferry RJ Jr, Sherry N, et al. Teplizumab preserves C-peptide in recent-onset type 1 diabetes: two-year results from the randomized, placebo-controlled Protégé trial. Diabetes. 2013 Nov;62(11):3901-8.Full text Abstract
65. Kamrul-Hasan ABM, Mondal S, Nagendra L, et al. Role of Teplizumab, a humanized anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody, in managing newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Endocr Pract. 2024 May;30(5):431-40. Abstract
66. Usher-Smith JA, Thompson MJ, Zhu H, et al. The pathway to diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in children: a questionnaire study. BMJ Open. 2015 Mar 17;5(3):e006470.Full text Abstract
67. Cherubini V, Grimsmann JM, Åkesson K, et al. Temporal trends in diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis of paediatric type 1 diabetes between 2006 and 2016: results from 13 countries in three continents. Diabetologia. 2020 Aug;63(8):1530-41.Full text Abstract
68. Fayfman M, Pasquel FJ, Umpierrez GE. Management of hyperglycemic crises: diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state. Med Clin North Am. 2017 May;101(3):587-606.Full text Abstract
69. O'Neal KS, Johnson JL, Panak RL. Recognizing and appropriately treating latent autoimmune diabetes in adults. Diabetes Spectr. 2016 Nov;29(4):249-52.Full text Abstract
70. Subramanian S, Khan F, Hirsch IB. New advances in type 1 diabetes. BMJ. 2024 Jan 26;384:e075681.Full text Abstract
71. Gale EA. The discovery of type 1 diabetes. Diabetes. 2001 Feb;50(2):217-26. Abstract
72. Holt RIG, DeVries JH, Hess-Fischl A, et al. The management of type 1 diabetes in adults. A consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetologia. 2021 Dec;64(12):2609-52.Full text Abstract
73. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Diabetes (type 1 and type 2) in children and young people: diagnosis and management. May 2023 [internet publication].Full text
74. Jensen ET, Stafford JM, Saydah S, et al. Increase in prevalence of diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis among youth with type 1 diabetes: the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study. Diabetes Care. 2021 Jul;44(7):1573-78.Full text Abstract
75. Rugg-Gunn CEM, Dixon E, Jorgensen AL, et al. Factors associated with diabetic ketoacidosis at onset of type 1 diabetes among pediatric patients: a systematic review. JAMA Pediatr. 2022 Dec 1;176(12):1248-59. Abstract
76. Pihoker C, Gilliam LK, Ellard S, et al; SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study Group. Prevalence, characteristics and clinical diagnosis of maturity onset diabetes of the young due to mutations in HNF1A, HNF4A, and glucokinase: results from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013 Jun 14;98(10):4055-62.Full text Abstract
77. Peixoto-Barbosa R, Reis AF, Giuffrida FMA. Update on clinical screening of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY). Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2020;12:50.Full text Abstract
78. Nkonge KM, Nkonge DK, Nkonge TN. The epidemiology, molecular pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY). Clin Diabetes Endocrinol. 2020 Nov 4;6(1):20.Full text Abstract
79. Sanyoura M, Philipson LH, Naylor R. Monogenic diabetes in children and adolescents: recognition and treatment options. Curr Diab Rep. 2018 Jun 22;18(8):58. Abstract
80. Delvecchio M, Pastore C, Giordano P. Treatment options for MODY patients: a systematic review of literature. Diabetes Ther. 2020 Aug;11(8):1667-85.Full text Abstract
81. Greeley SA, Naylor RN, Philipson LH, et al. Neonatal diabetes: an expanding list of genes allows for improved diagnosis and treatment. Curr Diab Rep. 2011 Dec;11(6):519-32.Full text Abstract
82. Phillip M, Achenbach P, Addala A, et al. Consensus guidance for monitoring individuals with islet autoantibody-positive pre-stage 3 type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2024 Aug 1;47(8):1276-98.Full text Abstract
83. Bosi E, Catassi C. Screening type 1 diabetes and celiac disease by law. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2024 Jan;12(1):12-4. Abstract
84. Diabetes Canada (Canadian Diabetes Association). Clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and management of diabetes in Canada. 2024 [internet publication].Full text
85. Sacks DB, Arnold M, Bakris GL, et al. Guidelines and recommendations for laboratory analysis in the diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2023 Oct 1;46(10):e151-99.Full text Abstract
86. World Health Organization. Classification of diabetes mellitus. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2019.Full text
87. Chatterjee S, Davies MJ, Heller S, et al. Diabetes structured self-management education programmes: a narrative review and current innovations. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2018 Feb;6(2):130-42. Abstract
88. Christie D, Thompson R, Sawtell M, et al. Structured, intensive education maximising engagement, motivation and long-term change for children and young people with diabetes: a cluster randomised controlled trial with integral process and economic evaluation - the CASCADE study. Health Technol Assess. 2014 Mar;18(20):1-202.Full text Abstract
89. Battelino T, Danne T, Bergenstal RM, et al. Clinical targets for continuous glucose monitoring data interpretation: recommendations from the International Consensus on Time in Range. Diabetes Care. 2019 Aug;42(8):1593-603.Full text Abstract
90. Sundberg F, deBeaufort C, Krogvold L, et al. ISPAD clinical practice consensus guidelines 2022: managing diabetes in preschoolers. Pediatr Diabetes. 2022 Dec;23(8):1496-511.Full text
91. Fullerton B, Jeitler K, Seitz M, et al. Intensive glucose control versus conventional glucose control for type 1 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Feb 14;(2):CD009122.Full text Abstract
92. Lachin JM, Bebu I, Nathan DM, et al. The beneficial effects of earlier versus later implementation of intensive therapy in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2021 Aug 11;44(10):2225-30. Abstract
93. Misso ML, Egberts KJ, Page M, et al. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) versus multiple insulin injections for type 1 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Jan 20;(1):CD005103.Full text Abstract
94. Tricco AC, Ashoor HM, Antony J, et al. Safety, effectiveness, and cost effectiveness of long acting versus intermediate acting insulin for patients with type 1 diabetes: systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ. 2014 Oct 1;349:g5459.Full text Abstract
95. Avgerinos I, Papanastasiou G, Karagiannis T, et al. Ultra-rapid-acting insulins for adults with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2021 Oct;23(10):2395-401. Abstract
96. Laranjeira FO, de Andrade KR, Figueiredo AC, et al. Long-acting insulin analogues for type 1 diabetes: an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS One. 2018 Apr 12;13(4):e0194801.Full text Abstract
97. Fullerton B, Siebenhofer A, Jeitler K, et al. Short-acting insulin analogues versus regular human insulin for adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Jun 30;(6):CD012161.Full text Abstract
98. Ashwell SG, Gebbie J, Home PD. Twice-daily compared with once-daily insulin glargine in people with type 1 diabetes using meal-time insulin aspart. Diabet Med. 2006 Aug;23(8):879-86. Abstract
99. Luijf YM, DeVries JH. Dosing accuracy of insulin pens versus conventional syringes and vials. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2010 Jun;12 Suppl 1:S73-7. Abstract
100. Heinemann L, Schnell O, Gehr B, et al. Digital diabetes management: a literature review of smart insulin pens. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2022 May;16(3):587-95.Full text Abstract
101. Hirsch LJ, Strauss KW. The injection technique factor: what you don't know or teach can make a difference. Clin Diabetes. 2019 Jul;37(3):227-33.Full text Abstract
102. Grant M, Heise T, Baughman R. Comparison of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of inhaled technosphere insulin and subcutaneous insulin lispro in the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2022 Mar;61(3):413-22.Full text Abstract
103. Akturk HK, Snell-Bergeon JK, Rewers A, et al. Improved postprandial glucose with inhaled technosphere insulin compared with insulin aspart in patients with type 1 diabetes on multiple daily injections: the STAT study. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2018 Oct;20(10):639-47.Full text Abstract
104. Gatto NM, Koralek DO, Bracken MB, et al. Lung cancer-related mortality with inhaled insulin or a comparator: follow-up study of patients previously enrolled in exubera controlled clinical trials (FUSE) final results. Diabetes Care. 2019 Sep;42(9):1708-15.Full text Abstract
105. Kesavadev J, Saboo B, Krishna MB, et al. Evolution of insulin delivery devices: from syringes, pens, and pumps to DIY artificial pancreas. Diabetes Ther. 2020 Jun;11(6):1251-69.Full text Abstract
106. Monami M, Lamanna C, Marchionni N, et al. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion versus multiple daily insulin injections in type 1 diabetes: a meta-analysis. Acta Diabetol. 2010 Dec;47(1 suppl):77-81. Abstract
107. Li XL. Multiple daily injections versus insulin pump therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a meta analysis. J Clin Rehabil Tissue Eng Res. 2010;14(46):8722-5.
108. Cummins E, Royle P, Snaith A, et al. Clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion for diabetes: systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess. 2010 Feb;14(11):iii-iv;xi-xvi;1-181.Full text Abstract
109. Benkhadra K, Alahdab F, Tamhane SU, et al. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion versus multiple daily injections in individuals with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Endocrine. 2016 Aug 1;55(1):77-84. Abstract
110. Weisman A, Bai JW, Cardinez M, et al. Effect of artificial pancreas systems on glycaemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of outpatient randomised controlled trials. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2017 May 19;5(7):501-12. Abstract
111. Phillip M, Battelino T, Atlas E, et al. Nocturnal glucose control with an artificial pancreas at a diabetes camp. N Engl J Med. 2013 Feb 28;368(9):824-33.Full text Abstract
112. Bergenstal RM, Tamborlane WV, Ahmann A, et al. Effectiveness of sensor-augmented insulin-pump therapy in type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2010 Jul 22;363(4):311-20.Full text Abstract
113. Brown SA, Kovatchev BP, Raghinaru D, et al. Six-month randomized, multicenter trial of closed-loop control in type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2019 Oct 31;381(18):1707-17.Full text Abstract
114. Michou P, Gkiourtzis N, Christoforidis A, et al. The efficacy of automated insulin delivery systems in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2023 May;199:110678. Abstract
115. Jabari M. Efficacy and safety of closed-loop control system for type one diabetes in adolescents a meta analysis. Sci Rep. 2023 Aug 13;13(1):13165.Full text Abstract
116. Jiao X, Shen Y, Chen Y. Better TIR, HbA1c, and less hypoglycemia in closed-loop insulin system in patients with type 1 diabetes: a meta-analysis. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2022 Apr;10(2):e002633.Full text Abstract
117. Mameli C, Smylie GM, Galati A, et al. Safety, metabolic and psychological outcomes of medtronic MiniMed 670G in children, adolescents and young adults: a systematic review. Eur J Pediatr. 2023 May;182(5):1949-63.Full text Abstract
118. Zeng B, Gao L, Yang Q, et al. Automated insulin delivery systems in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of outpatient randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Care. 2023 Dec 1;46(12):2300-7.Full text Abstract
119. Renard E, Joubert M, Villard O, et al. Safety and efficacy of sustained automated insulin delivery compared with sensor and pump therapy in adults with type 1 diabetes at high risk for hypoglycemia: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care. 2023 Dec 1;46(12):2180-7.Full text Abstract
120. Asgharzadeh A, Patel M, Connock M, et al. Hybrid closed-loop systems for managing blood glucose levels in type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and economic modelling. Health Technol Assess. 2024 Dec;28(80):1-190.Full text Abstract
121. Matejko B, Juza A, Kieć-Wilk B, et al. Transitioning of people with type 1 diabetes from multiple daily injections and self-monitoring of blood glucose directly to minimed 780G advanced hybrid closed-loop system: a two-center, randomized, controlled study. Diabetes Care. 2022 Nov 1;45(11):2628-35.Full text Abstract
122. de Beaufort C, Schierloh U, Thankamony A, et al. Cambridge hybrid closed-loop system in very young children with type 1 diabetes reduces caregivers' fear of hypoglycemia and improves their well-being. Diabetes Care. 2022 Sep 16;45(12):3050-3.Full text Abstract
123. Crabtree TSJ, Griffin TP, Yap YW, et al. Hybrid closed-loop therapy in adults with type 1 diabetes and above-target HbA1c: a real-world observational study. Diabetes Care. 2023 Oct 1;46(10):1831-8.Full text Abstract
124. McCall AL, Lieb DC, Gianchandani R, et al. Management of individuals with diabetes at high risk for hypoglycemia: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2023 Feb 15;108(3):529-62.Full text Abstract
125. Sherr JL, Heinemann L, Fleming GA, et al. Automated insulin delivery: benefits, challenges, and recommendations. A Consensus Report of the Joint Diabetes Technology Working Group of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes and the American Diabetes Association. Diabetologia. 2023 Jan;66(1):3-22.Full text Abstract
126. Garg SK, Liljenquist D, Bode B, et al. Evaluation of accuracy and safety of the next-generation up to 180-day long-term implantable eversense continuous glucose monitoring system: The PROMISE Study. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2022 Feb;24(2):84-92.Full text Abstract
127. Leelarathna L, Evans ML, Neupane S, et al. Intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring for type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2022 Oct 20;387(16):1477-87. Abstract
128. Thabit H, Prabhu JN, Mubita W, et al. Use of factory-calibrated real-time continuous glucose monitoring improves time in target and HbA1c in a multiethnic cohort of adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes: the MILLENNIALS study. Diabetes Care. 2020 Oct;43(10):2537-43.Full text Abstract
129. Laffel LM, Kanapka LG, Beck RW, et al. Effect of continuous glucose monitoring on glycemic control in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2020 Jun 16;323(23):2388-96.Full text Abstract
130. Agarwal S, Cappola AR. Continuous glucose monitoring in adolescent, young adult, and older patients with type 1 diabetes. JAMA. 2020 Jun 16;323(23):2384-5.Full text Abstract
131. Šoupal J, Petruželková L, Grunberger G, et al. Glycemic outcomes in adults with T1D are impacted more by continuous glucose monitoring than by insulin delivery method: 3 years of follow-up from the COMISAIR study. Diabetes Care. 2020 Jan;43(1):37-43.Full text Abstract
132. Oliver N, Gimenez M, Calhoun P, et al. Continuous glucose monitoring in people with type 1 diabetes on multiple-dose injection therapy: the relationship between glycemic control and hypoglycemia. Diabetes Care. 2020 Jan;43(1):53-8.Full text Abstract
133. Beck RW, Riddlesworth T, Ruedy K, et al; DIAMOND Study Group. Effect of continuous glucose monitoring on glycemic control in adults with type 1 diabetes using insulin injections: the DIAMOND randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2017 Jan 24;317(4):371-8.Full text Abstract
134. Benkhadra K, Alahdab F, Tamhane S, et al. Real-time continuous glucose monitoring in type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2017 Mar;86(3):354-60. Abstract
135. Reaven PD, Newell M, Rivas S, et al. Initiation of continuous glucose monitoring is linked to improved glycemic control and fewer clinical events in type 1 and type 2 diabetes in the veterans health administration. Diabetes Care. 2023 Apr 1;46(4):854-63.Full text Abstract
136. Lewis DM, Oser TK, Wheeler BJ. Continuous glucose monitoring. BMJ. 2023 Mar 3;380:e072420. Abstract
137. Elbalshy M, Haszard J, Smith H, et al. Effect of divergent continuous glucose monitoring technologies on glycaemic control in type 1 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Diabet Med. 2022 Aug;39(8):e14854.Full text Abstract
138. Mulinacci G, Alonso GT, Snell-Bergeon JK, et al. Glycemic outcomes with early initiation of continuous glucose monitoring system in recently diagnosed patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2019 Jan;21(1):6-10. Abstract
139. Karges B, Tittel SR, Bey A, et al. Continuous glucose monitoring versus blood glucose monitoring for risk of severe hypoglycaemia and diabetic ketoacidosis in children, adolescents, and young adults with type 1 diabetes: a population-based study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2023 May;11(5):314-23. Abstract
140. Wang Y, Zou C, Na H, et al. Effect of different glucose monitoring methods on bold glucose control: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Comput Math Methods Med. 2022;2022:2851572.Full text Abstract
141. Dicembrini I, Cosentino C, Monami M, et al. Effects of real-time continuous glucose monitoring in type 1 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Acta Diabetol. 2021 Apr;58(4):401-10. Abstract
142. Teo E, Hassan N, Tam W, et al. Effectiveness of continuous glucose monitoring in maintaining glycaemic control among people with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials and meta-analysis. Diabetologia. 2022 Apr;65(4):604-19.Full text Abstract
143. Roussel R, Riveline JP, Vicaut E, et al. Important drop in rate of acute diabetes complications in people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes after initiation of flash glucose monitoring in France: the RELIEF study. Diabetes Care. 2021 Jun;44(6):1368-76. Abstract
144. Duarte DB, Fonseca L, Santos T, et al. Impact of intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring on quality of life and glycaemic control in persons with type 1 diabetes: a 12-month follow-up study in real life. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2022 Jun;16(6):102509. Abstract
145. Polonsky WH, Fortmann AL. Impact of real-time CGM data sharing on quality of life in the caregivers of adults and children with type 1 diabetes. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2022 Jan;16(1):97-105.Full text Abstract
146. Aggarwal A, Pathak S, Goyal R. Clinical and economic outcomes of continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) in patients with diabetes mellitus: A systematic literature review. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2022 Apr;186:109825. Abstract
147. Grunberger G, Sherr J, Allende M, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinology clinical practice guideline: the use of advanced technology in the management of persons with diabetes mellitus. Endocr Pract. 2021 Jun;27(6):505-37. Abstract
148. Evert AB, Dennison M, Gardner CD, et al. Nutrition therapy for adults with diabetes or prediabetes: a consensus report. Diabetes Care. 2019 May;42(5):731-54.Full text Abstract
149. Chiavaroli L, Lee D, Ahmed A, et al. Effect of low glycaemic index or load dietary patterns on glycaemic control and cardiometabolic risk factors in diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ. 2021 Aug 4;374:n1651.Full text Abstract
150. Neyman A, Hannon TS. Low-carbohydrate diets in children and adolescents with or at risk for diabetes. Pediatrics. 2023 Oct 1;152(4):e2023063755.Full text Abstract
151. De Cock D, Schreurs L, Steenackers N, et al. The effect of physical activity on glycaemic control in people with type 1 diabetes mellitus: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Diabet Med. 2024 Oct;41(10):e15415.Full text Abstract
152. Riddell MC, Gallen IW, Smart CE, et al. Exercise management in type 1 diabetes: a consensus statement. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2017 May;5(5):377-90. Abstract
153. Aronson R, Brown RE, Li A, et al. Optimal insulin correction factor in post-high-intensity exercise hyperglycemia in adults with type 1 diabetes: the FIT Study. Diabetes Care. 2018 Nov 19;42(1):10-6. Abstract
154. Raju B, Arbelaez AM, Breckenridge SM, et al. Nocturnal hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes: an assessment of preventive bedtime treatments. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Jun;91(6):2087-92.Full text Abstract
155. Pullman J, Darsow T, Frias JP. Pramlintide in the management of insulin-using patients with type 2 and type 1 diabetes. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2006;2(3):203-12.Full text Abstract
156. McCance DR, Casey C. Type 1 Diabetes in pregnancy. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2019 Sep;48(3):495-509. Abstract
157. Feldman AZ, Brown FM. Management of type 1 diabetes in pregnancy. Curr Diab Rep. 2016 Aug;16(8):76.Full text Abstract
158. Buschur EO, Polsky S. Type 1 diabetes: management in women from preconception to postpartum. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021 Mar 25;106(4):952-67.Full text Abstract
159. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists' Committee on practice bulletins-Obstetrics. ACOG practice bulletin no. 201: pregestational diabetes mellitus. Obstet Gynecol. 2018 Dec;132(6):e228-48. Abstract
160. Young EC, Pires ML, Marques LP, et al. Effects of pregnancy on the onset and progression of diabetic nephropathy and of diabetic nephropathy on pregnancy outcomes. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2011 Jul-Sep;5(3):137-42. Abstract
161. Rossing K, Jacobsen P, Hommel E, et al. Pregnancy and progression of diabetic nephropathy. Diabetologia. 2002 Jan;45(1):36-41.Full text Abstract
162. Food and Drug Administration. Statins: drug safety communication - FDA requests removal of strongest warning against using cholesterol-lowering statins during pregnancy. Jul 2021 [internet publication].Full text
163. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Practice bulletin no. 229: antepartum fetal surveillance. Jun 2021 [internet publication].Full text
164. Tinker SC, Gilboa SM, Moore CA, et al. Specific birth defects in pregnancies of women with diabetes: National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997-2011. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020 Feb;222(2):176.e1-176.Full text Abstract
165. Farrar D, Tuffnell DJ, West J, et al. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion versus multiple daily injections of insulin for pregnant women with diabetes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Jun 7;(6):CD005542.Full text Abstract
166. Feig DS, Corcoy R, Donovan LE, et al. Pumps or multiple daily injections in pregnancy involving type 1 diabetes: a prespecified analysis of the CONCEPTT randomized trial. Diabetes Care. 2018 Oct 16;41(12):2471-9.Full text Abstract
167. Mathiesen ER, Hod M, Ivanisevic M, et al; Detemir in Pregnancy Study Group. Maternal efficacy and safety outcomes in a randomized, controlled trial comparing insulin detemir with NPH insulin in 310 pregnant women with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2012 Oct;35(10):2012-7.Full text Abstract
168. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Diabetes in pregnancy: management from preconception to the postnatal period. Dec 2020 [internet publication].Full text
169. Lv S, Wang J, Xu Y. Safety of insulin analogs during pregnancy: a meta-analysis. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2015 Oct;292(4):749-56. Abstract
170. Mathiesen ER, Alibegovic AC, Corcoy R, et al. Insulin degludec versus insulin detemir, both in combination with insulin aspart, in the treatment of pregnant women with type 1 diabetes (EXPECT): an open‑label, multinational, randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2023 Feb;11(2):86-95. Abstract
171. Feig DS, Donovan LE, Corcoy R, et al; CONCEPTT Collaborative Group. Continuous glucose monitoring in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes (CONCEPTT): a multicentre international randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2017 Nov 25;390(10110):2347-59. [Erratum in: Lancet. 2017 Nov 25;390(10110):2346.]Full text Abstract
172. Chang VYX, Tan YL, Ang WHD, et al. Effects of continuous glucose monitoring on maternal and neonatal outcomes in perinatal women with diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2022 Feb;184:109192.Full text Abstract
173. Lee TTM, Collett C, Bergford S, et al. Automated insulin delivery in women with pregnancy complicated by type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2023 Oct 26;389(17):1566-78.Full text Abstract
174. Newman C, Ero A, Dunne FP. Glycaemic control and novel technology management strategies in pregestational diabetes mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022;13:1109825.Full text Abstract
175. Sturt J, Dennick K, Due-Christensen M, McCarthy K. The detection and management of diabetes distress in people with type 1 diabetes. Curr Diab Rep. 2015 Nov;15(11):101. Abstract
176. Rey Velasco E, Pals RAS, Skinner TC, Grabowski D. Pre-empting the challenges faced in adolescence: a systematic literature review of effects of psychosocial interventions for preteens with type 1 diabetes. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab. 2020 Mar 3;3(2):e00120.Full text Abstract
177. Kodama S, Morikawa S, Horikawa C, et al. Effect of family-oriented diabetes programs on glycemic control: a meta-analysis. Fam Pract. 2019 Jul 31;36(4):387-94.Full text Abstract
178. Russell-Jones D, Babazono T, Cailleteau R, et al. Once-weekly insulin icodec versus once-daily insulin degludec as part of a basal-bolus regimen in individuals with type 1 diabetes (ONWARDS 6): a phase 3a, randomised, open-label, treat-to-target trial. Lancet. 2023 Nov 4;402(10413):1636-47.Full text Abstract
179. Bergenstal RM, Weinstock RS, Mathieu C, et al. Once-weekly insulin efsitora alfa versus once-daily insulin degludec in adults with type 1 diabetes (QWINT-5): a phase 3 randomised non-inferiority trial. Lancet. 2024 Sep 21;404(10458):1132-42. Abstract
180. Ludvigsson J, Faresjö M, Hjorth M, et al. GAD treatment and insulin secretion in recent-onset type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008 Oct 30;359(18):1909-20.Full text Abstract
181. Xin GLL, Khee YP, Ying TY, et al. Current status on immunological therapies for type 1 diabetes mellitus. Curr Diab Rep. 2019 Mar 23;19(5):22. Abstract
182. Rewers M, Gottlieb P. Immunotherapy for the prevention and treatment of type 1 diabetes: human trials and a look into the future. Diabetes Care. 2009 Oct;32(10):1769-82.Full text Abstract
183. Khan FU, Khongorzul P, Raki AA, et al. Dendritic cells and their immunotherapeutic potential for treating type 1 diabetes. Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Apr 28;23(9):4885.Full text Abstract
184. Russell WE, Bundy BN, Anderson MS, et al. Abatacept for delay of type 1 diabetes progression in stage 1 relatives at risk: a randomized, double-masked, controlled trial. Diabetes Care. 2023 May 1;46(5):1005-13.Full text Abstract
185. Vantyghem MC, de Koning EJP, Pattou F, et al. Advances in β-cell replacement therapy for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. Lancet. 2019 Oct 5;394(10205):1274-85.Full text Abstract
186. Shapiro AM, Ricordi C, Hering BJ, et al. International trial of the Edmonton protocol for islet transplantation. N Engl J Med. 2006 Sep 28;355(13):1318-30.Full text Abstract
187. Ryan EA, Paty BW, Senior PA, et al. Five-year follow-up after clinical islet transplantation. Diabetes. 2005 Jul;54(7):2060-9.Full text Abstract
188. ClinicalTrials.gov. Islet transplantation in type I diabetic patients using the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) protocol. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03791567. Aug 2023 [internet publication].Full text
189. ClinicalTrials.gov. Islet transplantation in type 1 diabetic patients using the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) protocol. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00679042. Aug 2023 [internet publication].Full text
190. Witkowski P, Philipson LH, Buse JB, et al. Islets transplantation at a crossroads - need for urgent regulatory update in the United States: perspective presented during the scientific sessions 2021 at the American Diabetes Association Congress. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022 Jan 6;12:789526.Full text Abstract
191. Krentz NAJ, Shea LD, Huising MO, et al. Restoring normal islet mass and function in type 1 diabetes through regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2021 Oct;9(10):708-24. Abstract
192. Khazaei M, Khazaei F, Niromand E, et al. Tissue engineering approaches and generation of insulin-producing cells to treat type 1 diabetes. J Drug Target. 2023 Jan;31(1):14-31. Abstract
193. Vella S, Buetow L, Royle P, et al. The use of metformin in type 1 diabetes: a systematic review of efficacy. Diabetologia. 2010 May;53(5):809-20.Full text Abstract
194. DeGeeter M, Williamson B. Alternative agents in type 1 diabetes in addition to insulin therapy: metformin, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, pioglitazone, GLP-1 agonists, DPP-IV inhibitors, and SGLT-2 inhibitors. J Pharm Pract. 2016 Apr;29(2):144-59. Abstract
195. Petrie JR, Chaturvedi N, Ford I, et al; REMOVAL Study Group. Cardiovascular and metabolic effects of metformin in patients with type 1 diabetes (REMOVAL): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2017 Aug;5(8):597-609.Full text Abstract
196. Palanca A, van Nes F, Pardo F, et al. Real-world evidence of efficacy and safety of SGLT2 inhibitors as adjunctive therapy in adults With type 1 diabetes: a European two-center experience. Diabetes Care. 2022 Mar 1;45(3):650-8. Abstract
197. Abu-Zaid A, Altowairqi AK, Dissanayaka T, et al. A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis on the efficacy of dapagliflozin in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Pharmacol Res. 2021 Mar;165:105456. Abstract
198. Popovic DS, Karakasis P, Koufakis T, et al. Effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors on continuous glucose monitoring metrics, as adjunctive to insulin in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Metabolism. 2024 Apr;153:155791. Abstract
199. Nan J, Wang D, Zhong R, et al. Sodium glucose cotransporter2 inhibitors for type 1 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Prim Care Diabetes. 2024 Feb;18(1):17-24. Abstract
200. Hampp C, Swain RS, Horgan C, et al. Use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in patients with type 1 diabetes and rates of diabetic ketoacidosis. Diabetes Care. 2020 Jan;43(1):90-7.Full text Abstract
201. Avgerinos I, Manolopoulos A, Michailidis T, et al. Comparative efficacy and safety of glucose-lowering drugs as adjunctive therapy for adults with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2021 Mar;23(3):822-31. Abstract
202. Chow E, Clement S, Garg R. Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis in the era of SGLT-2 inhibitors. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2023 Oct;11(5):e003666.Full text Abstract
203. Garg SK, Henry RR, Banks P, et al. Effects of sotagliflozin added to insulin in patients with type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2017 Dec 14;377(24):2337-48.Full text Abstract
204. Janzen KM, Steuber TD, Nisly SA. GLP-1 agonists in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Ann Pharmacother. 2016 Aug;50(8):656-65. Abstract
205. Park J, Ntelis S, Yunasan E, et al. Glucagon-like peptide 1 analogues as adjunctive therapy for patients with type 1 diabetes: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2023 Dec 21;109(1):279-92.Full text Abstract
206. Dimitrios P, Michael D, Vasilios K, et al. Liraglutide as adjunct to insulin treatment in patients with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Curr Diabetes Rev. 2020;16(4):313-26. Abstract
207. Mathieu C, Zinman B, Hemmingsson JU, et al. Efficacy and safety of liraglutide added to insulin treatment in type 1 diabetes: the ADJUNCT ONE treat-to-target randomized trial. Diabetes Care. 2016 Oct;39(10):1702-10.Full text Abstract
208. Ahrén B, Hirsch IB, Pieber TR, et al. Efficacy and safety of liraglutide added to capped insulin treatment in subjects with type 1 diabetes: the ADJUNCT TWO randomized trial. Diabetes Care. 2016 Oct;39(10):1693-701.Full text Abstract
209. Matschinsky FM. Assessing the potential of glucokinase activators in diabetes therapy. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2009 May;8(5):399-416. Abstract
210. Klein KR, Freeman JLR, Dunn I, et al. The SimpliciT1 study: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 1b/2 adaptive study of TTP399, a hepatoselective glucokinase activator, for adjunctive treatment of type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2021 Apr;44(4):960-8.Full text Abstract
211. Bionic Pancreas Research Group, Russell SJ, Beck RW, et al. Multicenter, randomized trial of a bionic pancreas in type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2022 Sep 29;387(13):1161-72.Full text Abstract
212. El-Khatib FH, Balliro C, Hillard MA, et al. Home use of a bihormonal bionic pancreas versus insulin pump therapy in adults with type 1 diabetes: a multicentre randomised crossover trial. Lancet. 2017 Jan 28;389(10067):369-80.Full text Abstract
213. Russell SJ, El-Khatib FH, Sinha M, et al. Outpatient glycemic control with a bionic pancreas in type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2014 Jul 24;371(4):313-25.Full text Abstract
214. Forlenza GP, McVean J, Beck RW, et al. Effect of verapamil on pancreatic beta cell function in newly diagnosed pediatric type 1 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2023 Mar 28;329(12):990-9.Full text Abstract
215. Dutta D, Nagendra L, Raizada N, et al. Verapamil improves one-year C-peptide levels in recent onset type-1 diabetes: a meta-analysis. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2023 May-Jun;27(3):192-200.Full text Abstract
216. Ovalle F, Grimes T, Xu G, et al. Verapamil and beta cell function in adults with recent-onset type 1 diabetes. Nat Med. 2018 Aug;24(8):1108-1112.Full text Abstract
217. Hsu NC, Tsai HB, Hsu CH. Verapamil and pancreatic beta cell function in pediatric type 1 diabetes. JAMA. 2023 Jul 25;330(4):380.
218. Cogen F, Rodriguez H, March CA, et al. Diabetes care in the school setting: a statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2024 Dec 1;47(12):2050-61.Full text Abstract
219. Blonde L, Umpierrez GE, Reddy SS, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinology clinical practice guideline: developing a diabetes mellitus comprehensive care plan - 2022 update. Endocr Pract. 2022 Oct;28(10):923-1049.Full text Abstract
220. LeRoith D, Biessels GJ, Braithwaite SS, et al. Treatment of diabetes in older adults: an Endocrine Society* Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019;104(5):1520-14.Full text Abstract
221. Moser O, Riddell MC, Eckstein ML, et al. Glucose management for exercise using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and intermittently scanned CGM (isCGM) systems in type 1 diabetes: position statement of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) and of the International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD) endorsed by JDRF and supported by the American Diabetes Association (ADA). Diabetologia. 2020 Dec;63(12):2501-2520.Full text Abstract
222. Hassanein M, Afandi B, Yakoob Ahmedani M, et al. Diabetes and Ramadan: practical guidelines 2021. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2022 Mar;185:109185.Full text Abstract
223. Diabetes and nutrition study group (DNSG) of the European association for the study of diabetes (EASD). Evidence-based European recommendations for the dietary management of diabetes. Diabetologia. 2023 Jun;66(6):965-85.Full text Abstract
224. White NH, Sun W, Cleary PA, et al. Effect of prior intensive therapy in type 1 diabetes on 10-year progression of retinopathy in the DCCT/EDIC: comparison of adults and adolescents. Diabetes. 2010 May;59(5):1244-53.Full text Abstract
225. Nathan DM, Genuth S, Lachin J; The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 1993 Sep 30;329(14):977-86.Full text Abstract
226. Pop-Busui RL, Low PA, Waberski BH, et al. Effects of prior intensive insulin therapy on cardiac autonomic nervous system function in type 1 diabetes mellitus: the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study (DCCT/EDIC). Circulation. 2009 Jun 9;119(22):2886-93.Full text Abstract
227. Nathan DM, Zinman B, Cleary PA, et al; Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) Research Group. Modern-day clinical course of type 1 diabetes mellitus after 30 years' duration: the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications and Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications experience (1983-2005). Arch Intern Med. 2009 Jul 27;169(14):1307-16.Full text Abstract
228. Nathan DM, Cleary PA, Backlund JY, et al; Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) Study Research Group. Intensive diabetes treatment and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2005 Dec 22;353(25):2643-53.Full text Abstract
229. Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT)/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) Study Research Group. Intensive diabetes treatment and cardiovascular outcomes in type 1 diabetes: the DCCT/EDIC Study 30-year follow-up. Diabetes Care. 2016 May;39(5):686-93.Full text Abstract
230. Albers JW, Herman WH, Pop-Busui R, et al. Effect of prior intensive insulin treatment during the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) on peripheral neuropathy in type 1 diabetes during the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) Study. Diabetes Care. 2010 May;33(5):1090-6.Full text Abstract
231. Zimmermann AT, Lanzinger S, Kummernes SJ, et al. Treatment regimens and glycaemic outcomes in more than 100 000 children with type 1 diabetes (2013-22): a longitudinal analysis of data from paediatric diabetes registries. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2025 Jan;13(1):47-56. Abstract
232. Gagnum V, Stene LC, Jenssen TG, et al. Causes of death in childhood-onset type 1 diabetes: long-term follow-up. Diabet Med. 2017 Jan;34(1):56-63. Abstract
233. Yang K, Yang X, Jin C, et al. Global burden of type 1 diabetes in adults aged 65 years and older, 1990-2019: population based study. BMJ. 2024 Jun 12;385:e078432.Full text Abstract
234. Harris E. Guidelines may fall short as more older adults live with type 1 diabetes. JAMA. 2024 Aug 6;332(5):363. Abstract
235. Tamsett Z, James S, Brown F, et al. Modifiable factors to prevent severe hypoglycaemic and diabetic ketoacidosis presentations in people with type 1 diabetes. Diabet Med. 2024 Sep;41(9):e15384.Full text Abstract
236. Koye DN, Shaw JE, Reid CM, et al. Incidence of chronic kidney disease among people with diabetes: a systematic review of observational studies. Diabet Med. 2017 Mar 9;34(7):887-901. Abstract
237. Helve J, Sund R, Arffman M, et al. Incidence of end-stage renal disease in patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2017 Dec 20;41(3):434-9.Full text Abstract
238. Perkins BA, Bebu I, de Boer IH, et al. Risk factors for kidney disease in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2019 May;42(5):883-90. Abstract
239. Thomas MC, Atkins RC. Blood pressure lowering for the prevention and treatment of diabetic kidney disease. Drugs. 2006;66(17):2213-34. Abstract
240. Jia Y, Long D, Yang Y, et al. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy and glycemic variability assessed by continuous glucose monitoring: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2024 Jul;213:111757. Abstract
241. Feleke BE, Sacre J, Tomic D, et al. Hospital admissions among people with diabetes: A systematic review. Diabet Med. 2024 Jan;41(1):e15236. Abstract
242. Braffett BH, Dagogo-Jack S, Bebu I, et al. Association of insulin dose, cardiometabolic risk factors, and cardiovascular disease in type 1 diabetes during 30 years of follow-up in the DCCT/EDIC Study. Diabetes Care. 2019 Feb 6;42(4):657-64.Full text Abstract
243. Bebu I, Braffett BH, Orchard TJ, et al. Mediation of the effect of glycemia on the risk of CVD outcomes in type 1 diabetes: the DCCT/EDIC study. Diabetes Care. 2019 Jul;42(7):1284-9.Full text Abstract
244. McAllister DA, Read SH, Kerssens J, et al. Incidence of hospitalization for heart failure and case-fatality among 3.25 million people with and without diabetes mellitus. Circulation. 2018 Dec 11;138(24):2774-86.Full text Abstract
245. Avogaro A, Azzolina D, Fadini GP, et al. Incidence of heart failure in patients with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review of observational studies. J Endocrinol Invest. 2021 Apr;44(4):745-53. Abstract
246. Rosengren A, Vestberg D, Svensson AM, et al. Long-term excess risk of heart failure in people with type 1 diabetes: a prospective case-control study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2015 Nov;3(11):876-85. Abstract
247. Brunvand L, Fugelseth D, Stensaeth KH, et al. Early reduced myocardial diastolic function in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus a population-based study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2016 May 25;16:103.Full text Abstract
248. Ohkuma T, Komorita Y, Peters SAE, et al. Diabetes as a risk factor for heart failure in women and men: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 47 cohorts including 12 million individuals. Diabetologia. 2019 Sep;62(9):1550-60.Full text Abstract
249. UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). Lancet. 1998 Sep 12;352(9131):837-53. Abstract
250. UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). Lancet. 1998 Sep 12;352(9131):854-65. Abstract
251. Armstrong DG, Boulton AJM, Bus SA. Diabetic foot ulcers and their recurrence. N Engl J Med. 2017 Jun 15;376(24):2367-75. Abstract
252. Roy T, Lloyd CE. Epidemiology of depression and diabetes: a systematic review. J Affect Disord. 2012 Oct;142 Suppl:S8-21. Abstract
253. Anderson RJ, Freedland KE, Clouse RE, et al. The prevalence of comorbid depression in adults with diabetes: a meta-analysis. Diabetes Care. 2001 Jun;24(6):1069-78.Full text Abstract
254. Akbarizadeh M, Naderi Far M, Ghaljaei F. Prevalence of depression and anxiety among children with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Pediatr. 2022 Jan;18(1):16-26. Abstract
255. Trief PM, Foster NC, Chaytor N, et al. Longitudinal changes in depression symptoms and glycemia in adults with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2019 Jul;42(7):1194-201.Full text Abstract
256. Buchberger B, Huppertz H, Krabbe L, et al. Symptoms of depression and anxiety in youth with type 1 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2016 Aug;70:70-84. Abstract
257. Dean YE, Motawea KR, Aslam M, et al. Association between type 1 diabetes mellitus and eating disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab. 2024 May;7(3):e473.Full text Abstract
258. Larrañaga A, Docet MF, García-Mayor RV. Disordered eating behaviors in type 1 diabetic patients. World J Diabetes. 2011 Nov 15;2(11):189-95.Full text Abstract
259. Hasken J, Kresl L, Nydegger T, et al. Diabulimia and the role of school health personnel. J Sch Health. 2010 Oct;80(10):465-9; quiz 514-6.Full text Abstract
260. Musen G, Tinsley LJ, Marcinkowski KA, et al. Cognitive function deficits associated with long-duration type 1 diabetes and vascular complications. Diabetes Care. 2018 Aug;41(8):1749-56.Full text Abstract
261. Jacobson AM, Ryan CM, Braffett BH, et al. Cognitive performance declines in older adults with type 1 diabetes: results from 32 years of follow-up in the DCCT and EDIC Study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2021 Jul;9(7):436-45. Abstract
262. Mauras N, Buckingham B, White NH, et al. Impact of type 1 diabetes in the developing brain in children: a longitudinal study. Diabetes Care. 2021 Apr;44(4):983-92.Full text Abstract
263. Napoli N, Incalzi RA, De Gennaro G, et al. Bone fragility in patients with diabetes mellitus: A consensus statement from the working group of the Italian Diabetes Society (SID), Italian Society of Endocrinology (SIE), Italian Society of Gerontology and Geriatrics (SIGG), Italian Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology (SIOT). Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2021 May 6;31(5):1375-90. Abstract
264. Vilaca T, Schini M, Harnan S, et al. The risk of hip and non-vertebral fractures in type 1 and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis update. Bone. 2020 Aug;137:115457.Full text Abstract
265. Ding ZC, Zeng WN, Rong X, et al. Do patients with diabetes have an increased risk of impaired fracture healing? A systematic review and meta-analysis. ANZ J Surg. 2020 Jul;90(7-8):1259-64. Abstract
266. Jensen E, Allen G, Bednarz J, et al. Periodontal risk markers in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2021 Jan;37(1):e3368. Abstract
267. Coelho AS, Amaro IF, Caramelo F, et al. Dental caries, diabetes mellitus, metabolic control and diabetes duration: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2020 Apr;32(3):291-309. Abstract
268. Triebl Z, Bencze B, Bányai D, et al. Poor glycemic control impairs oral health in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus - a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health. 2024 Jun 28;24(1):748.Full text Abstract
269. Berg AK, Grauslund AC, Sørensen F, et al. A skin care program to prevent skin problems due to diabetes devices in children and adolescents: a cluster-controlled intervention study. Diabetes Care. 2023 Oct 1;46(10):1770-7.Full text Abstract
270. Hicks CW, Wang D, Lin FR, et al. Peripheral neuropathy and vision and hearing impairment in US adults with and without diabetes. Am J Epidemiol. 2023 Feb 1;192(2):237-45.Full text Abstract
271. Singh M, Wambua S, Lee SI, et al. Autoimmune diseases and adverse pregnancy outcomes: an umbrella review. Lancet. 2023 Nov;402 Suppl 1:S84.Full text Abstract
272. Teixeira T, Godoi A, Romeiro P, et al. Efficacy of automated insulin delivery in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes: a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomized controlled trials. Acta Diabetol. 2024 Jul;61(7):831-40. Abstract
273. Atta N, Ezeoke A, Petry CJ, et al. Associations of high BMI and excessive gestational weight gain with pregnancy outcomes in women with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Care. 2024 Oct 1;47(10):1855-68.Full text Abstract
274. Zhang X, Zhu Z, Tang G. Global prevalence of erectile dysfunction and its associated risk factors among men with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Impot Res. 2024 Jun;36(4):365-74. Abstract
275. Pontiroli AE, Cortelazzi D, Morabito A. Female sexual dysfunction and diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sex Med. 2013 Apr;10(4):1044-51. Abstract
276. Wong E, Backholer K, Gearon E, et al. Diabetes and risk of physical disability in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2013 Oct;1(2):106-14.Full text Abstract
277. Carlson AL, Criego AB, Martens TW, et al. HbA(1c): the glucose management indicator, time in range, and standardization of continuous glucose monitoring reports in clinical practice. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2020 Mar;49(1):95-107.Full text Abstract
278. Hovsepian S, Chegini R, Alinia T, et al. Final height in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hormones (Athens). 2024 Mar;23(1):35-48. Abstract
279. Davis J, Fischl AH, Beck J, et al. 2022 National standards for diabetes self-management education and support. Diabetes Care. 2022 Feb 1;45(2):484-94.Full text Abstract
280. Sng GGR, Tung JYM, Lim DYZ, et al. Potential and pitfalls of chatGPT and natural-language artificial intelligence models for diabetes education. Diabetes Care. 2023 May 1;46(5):e103-5.Full text Abstract
281. U.S. Department of Health. Smoking cessation. A report of the surgeon general. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2020.
282. Pastor A, Conn J, MacIsaac RJ, et al. Alcohol and illicit drug use in people with diabetes. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2020 Mar;8(3):239-48. Abstract
283. Sluik D, Buijsse B, Muckelbauer R, et al. Physical activity and mortality in individuals with diabetes mellitus: a prospective study and meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med. 2012 Sep 24;172(17):1285-95.Full text Abstract
284. Patience M, Janssen X, Kirk A, et al. 24-hour movement behaviours (physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep) association with glycaemic control and psychosocial outcomes in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review of quantitative and qualitative studies. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Feb 28;20(5):4363.Full text Abstract
285. Boonpattharatthiti K, Saensook T, Neelapaijit N, et al. The prevalence of adherence to insulin therapy in patients with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2024 Mar;20(3):255-95. Abstract
286. Al-Sofiani ME, Alharthi S, Albunyan S, et al. A real-world prospective study of the effectiveness and safety of automated insulin delivery compared with other modalities of type 1 diabetes treatment during ramadan intermittent fasting. Diabetes Care. 2024 Apr 1;47(4):683-91.Full text Abstract
287. Deeb A, Babiker A, Sedaghat S, et al. ISPAD clinical practice consensus guidelines 2022: ramadan and other religious fasting by young people with diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes. 2022 Dec;23(8):1512-28.Full text Abstract
288. Bakhit M, Fien S, Abukmail E, et al. Cardiovascular disease risk communication and prevention: a meta-analysis. Eur Heart J. 2024 Mar 27;45(12):998-1013.Full text Abstract
289. Goddard G, Oxlad M. Caring for individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus who restrict and omit insulin for weight control: evidence-based guidance for healthcare professionals. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2022 Mar;185:109783. Abstract
290. Jackson CC, Albanese-O'Neill A, Butler KL, et al. Diabetes care in the school setting: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2015 Oct;38(10):1958-63.Full text Abstract
291. Cox DJ, Frier BM, Bruggeman B, et al. Diabetes and driving: a statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2024 Nov 1;47(11):1889-96.Full text Abstract
292. Ng WH, Tipih T, Makoah NA, et al. Comorbidities in SARS-CoV-2 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. mBio. 2021 Feb 9;12(1):e03647-20.Full text Abstract
293. Biswas M, Rahaman S, Biswas TK, et al. Association of sex, age, and comorbidities with mortality in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Intervirology. 2020 Dec:1-12.Full text Abstract
294. Barrett CE, Park J, Kompaniyets L, et al. Intensive care unit admission, mechanical ventilation, and mortality among patients with type 1 diabetes hospitalized for COVID-19 in the U.S. Diabetes Care. 2021 Aug;44(8):1788-96.Full text Abstract
295. Hartmann-Boyce J, Rees K, Perring JC, et al. Risks of and from SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 in people with diabetes: a systematic review of reviews. Diabetes Care. 2021 Dec;44(12):2790-811.Full text Abstract
Use of this content is subject to our disclaimer