Emerging treatments
Alcohol ablation
Alcohol ablation therapy to the in situ parathyroid glands has also been tried, with mixed results.[90][91][92] In this procedure, ethanol is injected percutaneously into the adenoma under ultrasonographic guidance. Long-term eucalcemia has not been consistently observed. Injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve was noted.
Robotic surgery
Randomized controlled trials are needed to assess outcomes of robotic-assisted parathyroidectomy.[93][94]
Ultrasound-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound
A small-scale study has shown reduction in serum calcium in a majority of patients, but not eradication of primary hyperparathyroidism. Side effects were of concern and included transitory vocal cord impairment in 23% of patients.[95]
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