Schizoaffective disorder

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Substance use has been correlated with the increased incidence of schizophrenia and probably correlates with an increased incidence of schizoaffective disorder. Substance use can also cause psychotic symptoms independent of schizophrenia, as well as exacerbate existing psychosis.

Such screening may need to be repeated periodically.

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Treponema infection and HIV infection can cause a variety of psychiatric symptoms. Serum rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test and serum HIV enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) should be ordered in any patient at risk of sexually transmitted disease.

Such screening may need to be repeated periodically.

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Fatigue, anxiety, depression, and irritability may be associated with abnormalities on complete blood count (e.g., anemia).

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Fatigue, anxiety, depression, and irritability may be associated with thyroid dysfunction.

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Numerous medical conditions can cause psychiatric symptoms. Rarely, herpes simplex virus polymerase chain reaction (HSV-PCR) in cerebrospinal fluid, liver function tests, copper urine level and serum ceruloplasmin, vitamin B12 levels, lupus screen, chromosomal studies, and porphobilinogen tests are used to clarify underlying pathology.

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Indicated especially if neurologic exam is suggestive of pathology. Useful for ruling out cerebral masses. Dementia also can be associated with delusions that can be similar to those present in schizoaffective disorder.

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Rarely indicated, but may be useful in certain situations when there is an atypical presentation or if first-line investigations do not clarify the diagnosis. EEG could help to rule out partial complex seizures that could present with associated mood and psychotic symptoms.