Criteria
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) - 2015 case definition[58]
Clinical description:
An acute febrile illness (i.e., temperature greater than 38.3°C [101°F]) with a prodrome consisting of fever, chills, myalgia, headache, and gastrointestinal symptoms, and one or more of the following clinical features:
Bilateral diffuse interstitial oedema; or
Clinical diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome; or
Radiographic evidence of non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema; or
An unexplained respiratory illness resulting in death, which includes an autopsy examination that demonstrates non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema without an identifiable cause; or
Healthcare record with a diagnosis of HPS; or
Death certificate that lists HPS as a cause of death or as a significant condition contributing to death.
Laboratory criteria:
Detection of hantavirus-specific immunoglobulin M or rising titres of hantavirus-specific immunoglobulin G; or
Detection of hantavirus-specific ribonucleic acid in clinical specimens; or
Detection of hantavirus antigen by immunohistochemistry in lung biopsy or autopsy tissues.
Case classification:
Confirmed: a clinically compatible case of HPS with laboratory evidence.
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