Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) - 2015 case definition[58]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) 2015 case definition. 2015 [internet publication]. https://ndc.services.cdc.gov/case-definitions/hantavirus-pulmonary-syndrome-2015

Clinical description:

• An acute febrile illness (i.e., temperature greater than 38.3°C [101°F]) with a prodrome consisting of fever, chills, myalgia, headache, and gastrointestinal symptoms, and one or more of the following clinical features:

  • Bilateral diffuse interstitial oedema; or

  • Clinical diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome; or

  • Radiographic evidence of non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema; or

  • An unexplained respiratory illness resulting in death, which includes an autopsy examination that demonstrates non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema without an identifiable cause; or

  • Healthcare record with a diagnosis of HPS; or

  • Death certificate that lists HPS as a cause of death or as a significant condition contributing to death.

Laboratory criteria:

• Detection of hantavirus-specific immunoglobulin M or rising titres of hantavirus-specific immunoglobulin G; or

• Detection of hantavirus-specific ribonucleic acid in clinical specimens; or

• Detection of hantavirus antigen by immunohistochemistry in lung biopsy or autopsy tissues.

Case classification:

• Confirmed: a clinically compatible case of HPS with laboratory evidence.