Monitoring
After orchiopexy, patients should be followed at approximately 1 month, and 6 to 12 months later, to document testis viability, position, and size. Surgical failure (atrophy and/or non-scrotal position) has been estimated at 26% for intra-abdominal testes and less than <5% for inguinal testes.[96][97][121] Some advocate yearly follow-up thereafter, including instructions in testis self-examination when the patient reaches puberty. Consideration can also be given to semen analysis when the patient is 18 years of age or older, particularly in cases of bilateral cryptorchidism, for fertility planning. The risk of infertility is significantly higher in patients with a history of bilateral cryptorchidism.[122]
Patients with retractile testis should be followed up annually.
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