Primary prevention

There are several methods to prevent urinary tract infections in women, which may help prevent ascending urinary tract infections. General methods to advise include:[26]

  • Drink enough fluid during the day to maintain bladder hygiene, and know when to increase intake, such as during hot weather

  • Improve voiding habits by always responding to initial urge to void

  • Void after intercourse to rid urethra of bacteria acquired during sex, and if there is a history of atypical anatomy or recurrent urinary tract infections

  • Wipe from front to back after using the toilet in order to avoid spreading bacteria from bowel to bladder.

Secondary prevention

Reducing the risk of recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) will aid the prevention of recurring pyelonephritis. Agents such as cranberry products, D-mannose, and topical oestrogen preparations are being investigated with potential to reduce the recurrence of UTIs, but there is currently insufficient evidence for guidelines to recommend them.[3] With regard to topical oestrogen preparations, this would be an unlicensed use and there are known side effects.[3]

Antibiotics may be necessary in some patients for treatment of recurrent UTI, but the long-term risks and benefits should be considered alongside appropriate antimicrobial stewardship. Use with caution in women aged over 65 years.[3] 

Use of this content is subject to our disclaimer