Epidemiology
Benign hiccups are very common and affect all ages, including the fetus. Males are affected more than females, with a ratio of 4:1. Chronic hiccups are rare.[1] Approximately 20% of patients with Parkinson's disease and 10% of patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease present with recurrent hiccups, compared with around 3% of healthy controls.[2][3] The prevalence of chronic hiccups in patients with advanced cancer is estimated between 3.9% and 4.8%.[4]
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